Your responses to the short answer questions should be laid out here using Mark Down. For help with markdown syntax Go here 1. forEach loops through the array, but does not create a new array in the process while map does create a new array and pushes the result of that loop to the array 2. Boolean, Undefined, Number, Null, String arrays are also objects. 3. A closure is a way in which you can give functions memories, an example of this would be a counter, notice how running the code below keeps track of the counter; function counter () { let count = 0 return function countUp () { count++ return count } } const logger = counter() 4. 'this' has 4 rules. - When 'this' is in a function in the global scope it points to the window objects - Whatever is to the left of the dot - In a constructor this refers to the object that was created by the constructor function - If you use call, apply, or bind you change the way this is defined