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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="7_Visualization_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
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<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.5.57">
<meta name="author" content="Yi-Ju Tseng">
<title>7. Visualization</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
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<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
<h1 class="title">7. Visualization</h1>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
Yi-Ju Tseng
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="visualization" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Visualization</h1>
<ul>
<li>Visualization with Matplotlib</li>
<li>Simple Line Plots</li>
<li>Simple Scatter Plots</li>
<li>Visualizing Errors</li>
<li>Density and Contour Plots</li>
<li>Histograms, Binnings, and Density</li>
<li>Customizing Plot Legends and Colorbars</li>
<li>Multiple Subplots</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<section id="visualization-with-matplotlib" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Visualization with Matplotlib</h1>
</section>
<section id="what-is-matplotlib" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is Matplotlib?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Matplotlib is a multi-platform <strong>data visualization library</strong> for Python</li>
<li>Created by John Hunter in 2002, with version 0.1 released in 2003.</li>
<li>Large user and developer base, making it a powerful and ubiquitous tool for scientific visualization.</li>
<li>Despite newer visualization tools, Matplotlib remains a vital part of the data science stack.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="importing-matplotlib" class="slide level2">
<h2>Importing Matplotlib</h2>
<div id="29ef7ab2" class="cell" data-execution_count="1">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb1-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># !pip3 install matplotlib</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> matplotlib <span class="im">as</span> mpl</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="im">as</span> plt</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <code>plt</code> interface is most commonly used</p>
<p>Load other important library</p>
<div id="8c6b4caa" class="cell" data-execution_count="2">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb2-1"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> numpy <span class="im">as</span> np</span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> pandas <span class="im">as</span> pd</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="setting-plot-styles" class="slide level2">
<h2>Setting Plot Styles</h2>
<p>Use <code>plt.style.use('style')</code> to set the visual style of your plots</p>
<div id="8ba185c8" class="cell" data-execution_count="3">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb3-1"><a href=""></a>plt.style.use(<span class="st">'seaborn-v0_8-whitegrid'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/style_sheets/style_sheets_reference.html">Stylesheets</a></p>
</section>
<section id="figure" class="slide level2">
<h2>Figure</h2>
<p>The <strong>figure</strong> (an instance of the class <code>plt.Figure</code>) = container that contains all the objects representing axes, graphics, text, and labels.</p>
<p><code>plt</code> is from <code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt</code></p>
<div id="18a4cbeb" class="cell" data-execution_count="4">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb4-1"><a href=""></a>fig <span class="op">=</span> plt.figure()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<pre><code><Figure size 960x480 with 0 Axes></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-to-view-your-plots---13" class="slide level2">
<h2>How to View Your Plots - (1/3)</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>From a Python script:</strong><br>
Use <code>plt.show()</code> at the end to display figures.<br>
<code>plt</code> is from <code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt</code></li>
<li><code>plt.plot(x,y)</code> for x and y axis</li>
</ul>
<div id="fb717da8" class="cell" data-execution_count="5">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb6-1"><a href=""></a>x <span class="op">=</span> np.linspace(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="dv">100</span>) <span class="co">#(start, stop, num)</span></span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href=""></a>fig <span class="op">=</span> plt.figure() <span class="co"># new instance</span></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x)) <span class="co"># plot</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href=""></a>plt.show() <span class="co"># display figure</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-to-view-your-plots---13-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>How to View Your Plots - (1/3)</h2>
<div id="0aae695f" class="cell" data-execution_count="6">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-7-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-to-view-your-plots---23" class="slide level2">
<h2>How to View Your Plots - (2/3)</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>From an IPython shell:</strong><br>
Use <code>%matplotlib</code> magic command to enable interactive plotting.<br>
<code>plt.show()</code> is not required.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="how-to-view-your-plots---33" class="slide level2">
<h2>How to View Your Plots - (3/3)</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>From a Jupyter (IPython) notebook:</strong><br>
Use <code>%matplotlib inline</code> for static images or<br>
<code>%matplotlib notebook</code> for interactive plots</li>
</ul>
<div id="fbd636ec" class="cell" data-execution_count="7">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb7-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># %matplotlib inline</span></span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href=""></a>x <span class="op">=</span> np.linspace(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="dv">100</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), <span class="st">'-'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), <span class="st">'--'</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-8-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="saving-figures" class="slide level2">
<h2>Saving Figures</h2>
<p>Save figures using <code>fig.savefig()</code>:</p>
<div id="e6113602" class="cell" data-execution_count="8">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb8-1"><a href=""></a>fig.savefig(<span class="st">'my_figure.png'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>File format is inferred from the file extension.</li>
<li>Supported formats include: PNG, JPG, PDF, TIFF, and more.</li>
</ul>
<div id="62fbb344" class="cell" data-execution_count="9">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb9-1"><a href=""></a>fig.canvas.get_supported_filetypes()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="9">
<pre><code>{'eps': 'Encapsulated Postscript',
'jpg': 'Joint Photographic Experts Group',
'jpeg': 'Joint Photographic Experts Group',
'pdf': 'Portable Document Format',
'pgf': 'PGF code for LaTeX',
'png': 'Portable Network Graphics',
'ps': 'Postscript',
'raw': 'Raw RGBA bitmap',
'rgba': 'Raw RGBA bitmap',
'svg': 'Scalable Vector Graphics',
'svgz': 'Scalable Vector Graphics',
'tif': 'Tagged Image File Format',
'tiff': 'Tagged Image File Format',
'webp': 'WebP Image Format'}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="visualization-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Visualization</h2>
<ul>
<li>Visualization with Matplotlib</li>
<li><strong>Simple Line Plots</strong></li>
<li>Simple Scatter Plots</li>
<li>Visualizing Errors</li>
<li>Density and Contour Plots</li>
<li>Histograms, Binnings, and Density</li>
<li>Customizing Plot Legends and Colorbars</li>
<li>Multiple Subplots</li>
</ul>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="simple-line-plots" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Simple Line Plots</h1>
</section>
<section id="plotting-a-simple-function" class="slide level2">
<h2>Plotting a Simple Function</h2>
<p>Plotting a sine curve with <code>plt.plot(x,y)</code>, <code>plt</code> is from <code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt</code></p>
<div id="4f279323" class="cell" data-execution_count="10">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb11-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-11-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="multiple-lines-in-one-plot" class="slide level2">
<h2>Multiple Lines in One Plot</h2>
<p>Call <code>plt.plot</code> multiple times to overlay lines:</p>
<div id="f123507c" class="cell" data-execution_count="11">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb12-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.cos(x))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-12-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="customizing-line-color" class="slide level2">
<h2>Customizing Line Color</h2>
<p><code>plt.plot()</code> with <code>color</code> parameter</p>
<div id="e4aeb725" class="cell" data-execution_count="12">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb13-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">0</span>), color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'blue'</span>) <span class="co"># by name</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">1</span>), color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'g'</span>) <span class="co"># short code (r, g, b, c, m, y, k)</span></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">2</span>), color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'0.75'</span>) <span class="co"># grayscale</span></span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">3</span>), color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'#FFDD44'</span>) <span class="co"># hex code</span></span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">4</span>), color<span class="op">=</span>(<span class="fl">1.0</span>,<span class="fl">0.2</span>,<span class="fl">0.3</span>)) <span class="co"># RGB tuple</span></span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x <span class="op">-</span> <span class="dv">5</span>), color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'chartreuse'</span>) <span class="co"># HTML color name</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-13-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="customizing-line-style" class="slide level2">
<h2>Customizing Line Style</h2>
<p><code>plt.plot()</code> with <code>linestyle</code> parameter</p>
<div id="cbbf2587" class="cell" data-execution_count="13">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb14-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'solid'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'dashed'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">2</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'dashdot'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">3</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'dotted'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># Short codes:</span></span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">4</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'-'</span>) <span class="co"># solid</span></span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">5</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'--'</span>) <span class="co"># dashed</span></span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">6</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'-.'</span>) <span class="co"># dashdot</span></span>
<span id="cb14-9"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">7</span>, linestyle<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">':'</span>) <span class="co"># dotted</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-14-output-1.png" width="794" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="customizing-line-color-and-style" class="slide level2">
<h2>Customizing Line Color and Style</h2>
<div id="86de4978" class="cell" data-execution_count="14">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb15-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="st">'-g'</span>) <span class="co"># solid green</span></span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="st">'--c'</span>) <span class="co"># dashed cyan</span></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="st">'-.k'</span>) <span class="co"># dashdot black</span></span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, x <span class="op">+</span> <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="st">':r'</span>) <span class="co"># dotted red</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-15-output-1.png" width="783" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="adjusting-axes-limits" class="slide level2">
<h2>Adjusting Axes Limits</h2>
<p><code>plt.axis([xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax])</code>, limits are arranged into a list</p>
<div id="be94cfd1" class="cell" data-execution_count="15">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb16-1"><a href=""></a>plt.axis([<span class="op">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">11</span>, <span class="op">-</span><span class="fl">1.5</span>, <span class="fl">1.5</span>]) </span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-16-output-1.png" width="794" height="410"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="adding-titles-labels-and-legends" class="slide level2">
<h2>Adding Titles, Labels, and Legends</h2>
<p><code>plt.title()</code>, <code>plt.xlabel()</code>, <code>plt.ylabel()</code></p>
<div id="0c1ed188" class="cell" data-execution_count="16">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb17-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href=""></a>plt.title(<span class="st">"A Sine Curve"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href=""></a>plt.xlabel(<span class="st">"x"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href=""></a>plt.ylabel(<span class="st">"sin(x)"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="16">
<pre><code>Text(0, 0.5, 'sin(x)')</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-17-output-2.png" width="819" height="442"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="adding-titles-labels-and-legends-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Adding Titles, Labels, and Legends</h2>
<p>Add a legend for multiple lines with <code>plt.plot()</code> + <code>label</code> parameter and call <code>plt.legend()</code></p>
<div id="b4c6d82d" class="cell" data-execution_count="17">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb19-1"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), <span class="st">'-g'</span>, label<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'sin(x)'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), <span class="st">':b'</span>, label<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'cos(x)'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-3"><a href=""></a>plt.legend()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-18-output-1.png" width="802" height="405"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Setting:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Load library</li>
</ol>
<div id="e72b1fde" class="cell" data-execution_count="18">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb20-1"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> matplotlib</span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="im">as</span> plt</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li>中文問題….</li>
</ol>
<div id="994f5ae3" class="cell" data-execution_count="19">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb21-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># colab顯示繁體中文 問題：matplotlib繪圖，會發生中文無法顯示的問題</span></span>
<span id="cb21-2"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># 先下載台北黑體字型</span></span>
<span id="cb21-3"><a href=""></a><span class="op">!</span>gdown <span class="st">'1eGAsTN1HBpJAkeVM57_C7ccp7hbgSz3_'</span> <span class="op">--</span>output TaipeiSansTCBeta<span class="op">-</span>Regular.ttf</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="4fb23a28" class="cell" data-execution_count="20">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb22-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># 新增字體</span></span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href=""></a>matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.addfont(<span class="st">'TaipeiSansTCBeta-Regular.ttf'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># 將 font-family 設為 Taipei Sans TC Beta</span></span>
<span id="cb22-4"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># 設定完後，之後的圖表都可以顯示中文了</span></span>
<span id="cb22-5"><a href=""></a>matplotlib.rc(<span class="st">'font'</span>, family<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'Taipei Sans TC Beta'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Data: 空氣品質監測日平均值(一般污染物)</p>
<div id="479c092a" class="cell" data-execution_count="21">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb23-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># https://data.moenv.gov.tw/dataset/detail/AQX_P_19</span></span>
<span id="cb23-2"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OrMlB4hP8nnW_0bYwoHRO6DRXWNk1qvy?usp=sharing</span></span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href=""></a><span class="op">!</span>gdown <span class="st">'1P3qrYrynZhXDC13dVo5KhDXmld5OGZz1'</span> <span class="op">--</span>output <span class="fl">202310.</span><span class="er">csv</span></span>
<span id="cb23-4"><a href=""></a><span class="op">!</span>gdown <span class="st">'1P1Kv1ZmPOYyi83DJKUIPoksM31vJJiS5'</span> <span class="op">--</span>output <span class="fl">202311.</span><span class="er">csv</span></span>
<span id="cb23-5"><a href=""></a><span class="op">!</span>gdown <span class="st">'1P0mojOXgvVbXImnRTPQemm7dCkLDLKAC'</span> <span class="op">--</span>output <span class="fl">202312.</span><span class="er">csv</span></span>
<span id="cb23-6"><a href=""></a><span class="op">!</span>gdown <span class="st">'1OwAf366l-iItXV4foJemw5QdMuD3JgMc'</span> <span class="op">--</span>output <span class="fl">202401.</span><span class="er">csv</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Data</p>
<div id="dfa6cea0" class="cell" data-execution_count="22">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb24-1"><a href=""></a>df202401 <span class="op">=</span> pd.read_csv(<span class="st">'202401.csv'</span>) </span>
<span id="cb24-2"><a href=""></a>df202312 <span class="op">=</span> pd.read_csv(<span class="st">'202312.csv'</span>) </span>
<span id="cb24-3"><a href=""></a>df202311 <span class="op">=</span> pd.read_csv(<span class="st">'202311.csv'</span>) </span>
<span id="cb24-4"><a href=""></a>df202310 <span class="op">=</span> pd.read_csv(<span class="st">'202310.csv'</span>) </span>
<span id="cb24-5"><a href=""></a>df_air <span class="op">=</span> pd.concat([df202401,df202312,df202311,df202310],axis<span class="op">=</span><span class="dv">0</span>)</span>
<span id="cb24-6"><a href=""></a><span class="bu">print</span>(df_air.head())</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> "siteid" "sitename" "itemid" "itemname" "itemengname" "itemunit" \
0 80 關山 4 懸浮微粒 PM10 μg/m3
1 80 關山 5 氮氧化物 NOx ppb
2 80 關山 6 一氧化氮 NO ppb
3 80 關山 7 二氧化氮 NO2 ppb
4 80 關山 10 風速 WIND_SPEED m/sec
"monitordate" "concentration"
0 2024-01-01 33
1 2024-01-01 3.8
2 2024-01-01 0.5
3 2024-01-01 3.2
4 2024-01-01 2.2 </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-3" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Data Clean: Remove the quotes of column headers</p>
<div id="869c6622" class="cell" data-execution_count="23">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb26-1"><a href=""></a>new_headers <span class="op">=</span> []</span>
<span id="cb26-2"><a href=""></a><span class="cf">for</span> header <span class="kw">in</span> df_air.columns: <span class="co"># data.columns is your list of headers</span></span>
<span id="cb26-3"><a href=""></a> header <span class="op">=</span> header.strip(<span class="st">'"'</span>) <span class="co"># Remove the quotes off each header</span></span>
<span id="cb26-4"><a href=""></a> new_headers.append(header) <span class="co"># Save the new strings without the quotes</span></span>
<span id="cb26-5"><a href=""></a>df_air.columns <span class="op">=</span> new_headers <span class="co"># Replace the old headers with the new list</span></span>
<span id="cb26-6"><a href=""></a><span class="bu">print</span>(df_air.head())</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> siteid sitename itemid itemname itemengname itemunit monitordate \
0 80 關山 4 懸浮微粒 PM10 μg/m3 2024-01-01
1 80 關山 5 氮氧化物 NOx ppb 2024-01-01
2 80 關山 6 一氧化氮 NO ppb 2024-01-01
3 80 關山 7 二氧化氮 NO2 ppb 2024-01-01
4 80 關山 10 風速 WIND_SPEED m/sec 2024-01-01
concentration
0 33
1 3.8
2 0.5
3 3.2
4 2.2 </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-4" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Data Clean: Data type</p>
<div id="198e8306" class="cell" data-execution_count="24">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb28"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb28-1"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>].dtypes</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="22">
<pre><code>dtype('O')</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="41728f16" class="cell" data-execution_count="25">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb30"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb30-1"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>][<span class="dv">0</span>:<span class="dv">5</span>]</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="23">
<pre><code>0 33
1 3.8
2 0.5
3 3.2
4 2.2
Name: concentration, dtype: object</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><code>pd.to_numeric(List or Series, errors={‘ignore’, ‘raise’, ‘coerce’})</code></p>
<div id="63aa573f" class="cell" data-execution_count="26">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb32"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb32-1"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>] <span class="op">=</span> pd.to_numeric(df_air[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>], </span>
<span id="cb32-2"><a href=""></a> errors<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"coerce"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="4f468da2" class="cell" data-execution_count="27">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb33"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb33-1"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>].dtypes</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="25">
<pre><code>dtype('float64')</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-5" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>Data Clean: Data type</p>
<div id="aacda866" class="cell" data-execution_count="28">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb35"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb35-1"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'monitordate'</span>].dtypes</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="26">
<pre><code>dtype('O')</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><code>pd.to_datetime(List or Series, errors={‘ignore’, ‘raise’, ‘coerce’},format=)</code></p>
<div id="868e6775" class="cell" data-execution_count="29">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb37"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb37-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># Parse String To DateTime</span></span>
<span id="cb37-2"><a href=""></a>df_air[<span class="st">'DateTime'</span>]<span class="op">=</span>pd.to_datetime(df_air[<span class="st">'monitordate'</span>],</span>
<span id="cb37-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="bu">format</span><span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="sc">%d</span><span class="st">'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="12e1ff02" class="cell" data-execution_count="30">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb38"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb38-1"><a href=""></a>df_air.dtypes</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="28">
<pre><code>siteid int64
sitename object
itemid int64
itemname object
itemengname object
itemunit object
monitordate object
concentration float64
DateTime datetime64[ns]
dtype: object</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-6" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>請試著呈現林口測站在2024/1/1~2024/1/15的PM2.5濃度</p>
<p>Hint:</p>
<ul>
<li>Subset, Boolean masking</li>
<li><code>pd.to_datetime(List or Series, errors={‘ignore’, ‘raise’, ‘coerce’},format=)</code></li>
<li><code>df.sort_values(by=column)</code> (<code>df</code> can be any DataFrame)</li>
</ul>
<div id="bd397270" class="cell" data-execution_count="31">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> siteid sitename itemid itemname itemengname itemunit monitordate \
978 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-01
1262 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-02
3105 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-03
3337 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-04
4521 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-05
5502 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-06
7452 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-07
7901 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-08
8853 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-09
9946 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-10
11105 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-11
12241 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-12
13228 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-13
15186 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-14
15416 9 林口 33 細懸浮微粒 PM2.5 μg/m3 2024-01-15
concentration DateTime
978 24.0 2024-01-01
1262 13.0 2024-01-02
3105 15.1 2024-01-03
3337 15.9 2024-01-04
4521 23.5 2024-01-05
5502 20.6 2024-01-06
7452 20.2 2024-01-07
7901 12.6 2024-01-08
8853 5.8 2024-01-09
9946 27.3 2024-01-10
11105 19.7 2024-01-11
12241 10.1 2024-01-12
13228 4.5 2024-01-13
15186 6.3 2024-01-14
15416 19.2 2024-01-15 </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="hands-on---line-plot-7" class="slide level2">
<h2>Hands-on - Line Plot</h2>
<p>請試著呈現林口測站在2024/1/1~2024/1/15的PM2.5濃度，要呈現figure legend，也要呈現x y 軸的名字</p>
<p>Ref:</p>
<div id="7530e22f" class="cell" data-execution_count="32">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-33-output-1.png" width="802" height="426"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="line-plot---seaborn" class="slide level2">
<h2>Line Plot - Seaborn</h2>
<p><code>sns.lineplot(x,y)</code>, x and y are data for each axis</p>
<div id="7610be7e" class="cell" data-execution_count="33">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb41"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb41-1"><a href=""></a><span class="im">import</span> seaborn <span class="im">as</span> sns</span>
<span id="cb41-2"><a href=""></a>sns.lineplot(x<span class="op">=</span>pm25Linkou2024[<span class="st">'DateTime'</span>], </span>
<span id="cb41-3"><a href=""></a> y<span class="op">=</span>pm25Linkou2024[<span class="st">'concentration'</span>])</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-34-output-1.png" width="802" height="426"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="line-plot---seaborn-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Line Plot - Seaborn</h2>
<p><code>sns.lineplot(data, x, y)</code>, x and y are column names for each axis</p>
<div id="fc40100c" class="cell" data-execution_count="34">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb42"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb42-1"><a href=""></a>sns.lineplot(data <span class="op">=</span> pm25Linkou2024, x<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'DateTime'</span>, y<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'concentration'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-35-output-1.png" width="802" height="426"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="simple-scatter-plots" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Simple Scatter Plots</h1>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-scatter-plot" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a Scatter Plot?</h2>
<ul>
<li>A <strong>scatter plot</strong> displays individual data points as dots, circles, or other shapes, rather than connecting them with lines.</li>
<li>Useful for visualizing the relationship between two or more variables.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="scatter-plots-with-plt.plot" class="slide level2">
<h2>Scatter Plots with <code>plt.plot()</code></h2>
<p><code>plt.plot(x,y,marker,color)</code>, <code>marker</code> for shapes, <code>color</code> for color</p>
<div id="c036d9cd" class="cell" data-execution_count="35">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb43"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb43-1"><a href=""></a>x <span class="op">=</span> np.linspace(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="dv">30</span>)</span>
<span id="cb43-2"><a href=""></a>y <span class="op">=</span> np.sin(x)</span>
<span id="cb43-3"><a href=""></a>plt.plot(x, y, <span class="st">'o'</span>, color<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">'black'</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-36-output-1.png" width="807" height="407"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="scatter-plots---marker-shape" class="slide level2">
<h2>Scatter Plots - marker shape</h2>
<p><code>'o'</code>, <code>'.'</code>, <code>','</code>, <code>'x'</code>, <code>'+'</code>, <code>'v'</code>, <code>'^'</code>, <code>''</code>, <code>'s'</code>, <code>'d'</code> …</p>
<div id="dd2aefb0" class="cell" data-execution_count="36">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb44"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb44-1"><a href=""></a>rng <span class="op">=</span> np.random.RandomState(<span class="dv">0</span>)</span>
<span id="cb44-2"><a href=""></a><span class="cf">for</span> marker <span class="kw">in</span> [<span class="st">'o'</span>, <span class="st">'.'</span>, <span class="st">','</span>, <span class="st">'x'</span>, <span class="st">'+'</span>, <span class="st">'v'</span>, <span class="st">'^'</span>, <span class="st">''</span>, <span class="st">'s'</span>, <span class="st">'d'</span>]:</span>
<span id="cb44-3"><a href=""></a> plt.plot(rng.rand(<span class="dv">5</span>), rng.rand(<span class="dv">5</span>), marker, label<span class="op">=</span><span class="ss">f"marker='</span><span class="sc">{</span>marker<span class="sc">}</span><span class="ss">'"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb44-4"><a href=""></a>plt.legend()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure>
<p><img data-src="7_Visualization_files/figure-revealjs/cell-37-output-1.png" width="786" height="408"></p>
</figure>
</div>