From b7f34dca127acf38bd40050c8284424ed6630561 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Kaczmarek <krzysztof.kaczmarek@me.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2026 13:18:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] feat: add HDT read/write serialization support

Read uses the hdt crate's dictionary iteration mapped into oxrdf quads,
with literals parsed via oxrdf Literal::from_str.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 Cargo.lock                           | 703 ++++++++++++++++++++-------
 Cargo.toml                           |   1 +
 lib/maplib/src/model.rs              |  10 +
 lib/triplestore/Cargo.toml           |   1 +
 lib/triplestore/src/errors.rs        |   2 +
 lib/triplestore/src/triples_read.rs  | 227 ++++++---
 lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs |  45 +-
 py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi        |  15 +-
 py_maplib/src/lib.rs                 |  39 +-
 py_maplib/tests/test_hdt.py          | 171 +++++++
 10 files changed, 956 insertions(+), 258 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 py_maplib/tests/test_hdt.py

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 454a6371..c9f54007 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -83,6 +83,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "824a212faf96e9acacdbd09febd34438f8f711fb84e09a8916013cd7815ca28d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "940b3a0ca603d1eade50a4846a2afffd5ef57a9feac2c0e2ec2e14f9ead76000"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ce7f38b242319f7cabaa6813055467063ecdc9d355bbb4ce0c68908cd8130e"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40c48f72fd53cd289104fc64099abca73db4166ad86ea0b4341abe65af83dadc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "291e6a250ff86cd4a820112fb8898808a366d8f9f58ce16d1f538353ad55747d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
 version = "1.0.102"
@@ -100,9 +150,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ar_archive_writer"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7eb93bbb63b9c227414f6eb3a0adfddca591a8ce1e9b60661bb08969b87e340b"
+checksum = "4087686b4b0a3427190bae57a1d9a478dbb2d40c5dc1bd6e2b6d797913bdd348"
 dependencies = [
  "object",
 ]
@@ -191,7 +241,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-schema",
  "chrono",
  "half",
- "hashbrown 0.17.0",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
  "num-complex 0.4.6",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
@@ -390,7 +440,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c7c24de15d275a1ecfd47a380fb4d5ec9bfe0933f309ed5e705b775596a3574d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -401,7 +451,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9035ad2d096bed7955a320ee7e2230574d28fd3c3a0f186cbea1ff3c7eed5dbb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -431,9 +481,9 @@ checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
@@ -441,6 +491,15 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bincode"
+version = "1.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1f45e9417d87227c7a56d22e471c6206462cba514c7590c09aff4cf6d1ddcad"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bincode"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -461,15 +520,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "virtue",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "binout"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "222fb4925a15bea6a68075021910e03d6aa2d04951d71ff1d956190a551d738f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.11.1"
+version = "2.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3"
+checksum = "b4388bee8683e3d04af747c73422af53102d2bd24d9eadb6cbc100baef4b43f8"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitset-core"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f421f1bcb30aa9d851a03c2920ab5d96ca920d5786645a597b5fc37922f8b89e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitvec"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -507,9 +578,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cdd35008169921d80bc60d3d0ab416eecb028c4cd653352907921d95084790be"
+checksum = "d2f6c7dbe95a6ed67ad9f18e57daf93a2f034c524b99fd2b76d18fdfeb6660aa"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -534,7 +605,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -546,9 +617,9 @@ checksum = "36f64beae40a84da1b4b26ff2761a5b895c12adc41dc25aaee1c4f2bbfe97a6e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli"
-version = "8.0.2"
+version = "8.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4bd8b9603c7aa97359dbd97ecf258968c95f3adddd6db2f7e7a5bef101c84560"
+checksum = "8119e4516436f5708bbc474a9d395bf12f1b5395e93a92a56e647ac3388c8610"
 dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
  "alloc-stdlib",
@@ -557,9 +628,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli-decompressor"
-version = "5.0.0"
+version = "5.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "874bb8112abecc98cbd6d81ea4fa7e94fb9449648c93cc89aa40c81c24d7de03"
+checksum = "5962523e1b92ce1b5e793d9169b9943eece10d39f62550bc04bb605d75b94924"
 dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
  "alloc-stdlib",
@@ -567,9 +638,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytecheck"
@@ -589,7 +660,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3db406d29fbcd95542e92559bed4d8ad92636d1ca8b3b72ede10b4bcc010e659"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
@@ -609,7 +680,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f9abbd1bc6865053c427f7198e6af43bfdedc55ab791faed4fbd361d789575ff"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -622,6 +693,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytesize"
+version = "2.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6bd91ee7b2422bcb158d90ef4d14f75ef67f340943fc4149891dcce8f8b972a3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "castaway"
 version = "0.2.4"
@@ -633,9 +710,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.61"
+version = "1.2.64"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d16d90359e986641506914ba71350897565610e87ce0ad9e6f28569db3dd5c6d"
+checksum = "dad887fd958be91b5098c0248def011f4523ab786cd411be668777e55063501f"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "jobserver",
@@ -668,9 +745,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.44"
+version = "0.4.45"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c673075a2e0e5f4a1dde27ce9dee1ea4558c7ffe648f576438a20ca1d2acc4b0"
+checksum = "1aa79e62e7697b8e29b513a68abacf485adcd1fe8284a4316c5ae868e6633327"
 dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
@@ -724,6 +801,58 @@ dependencies = [
  "representation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap"
+version = "4.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ddb117e43bbf7dacf0a4190fef4d345b9bad68dfc649cb349e7d17d28428e51"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap_builder",
+ "clap_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "714a53001bf66416adb0e2ef5ac857140e7dc3a0c48fb28b2f10762fc4b5069f"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "clap_lex",
+ "strsim",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_derive"
+version = "4.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2ce8604710f6733aa641a2b3731eaa1e8b3d9973d5e3565da11800813f997a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_lex"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8d4a3bb8b1e0c1050499d1815f5ab16d04f0959b233085fb31653fbfc9d98f9"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "co_sort"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5cc18e115ded94ba1e1b820c7631d25b7364e27c25f066ecbce37aaf88abdcf4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d07550c9036bf2ae0c684c4297d503f838287c83c53686d05370d0e139ae570"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "comfy-table"
 version = "7.2.2"
@@ -737,9 +866,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "compact_str"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3fdb1325a1cece981e8a296ab8f0f9b63ae357bd0784a9faaf548cc7b480707a"
+checksum = "9dfdd1c2274d9aa354115b09dc9a901d6c5576818cdf70d14cae2bdb47df00ab"
 dependencies = [
  "castaway",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -759,6 +888,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "console_error_panic_hook"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a06aeb73f470f66dcdbf7223caeebb85984942f22f1adb2a088cf9668146bbbc"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.10.2"
@@ -825,6 +964,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crc"
+version = "3.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5eb8a2a1cd12ab0d987a5d5e825195d372001a4094a0376319d5a0ad71c1ba0d"
+dependencies = [
+ "crc-catalog",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crc-catalog"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "217698eaf96b4a3f0bc4f3662aaa55bdf913cd54d7204591faa790070c6d0853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crc32fast"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -918,9 +1072,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -946,6 +1100,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dashmap"
+version = "6.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6361d5c062261c78a176addb82d4c821ae42bed6089de0e12603cd25de2059c"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.5",
+ "lock_api",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "datalog"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -970,7 +1138,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e567bd82dcff979e4b03460c307b3cdc9e96fde3d73bed1496d2bc75d9dd62a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -986,13 +1154,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
-version = "0.11.2"
+version = "0.11.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4850db49bf08e663084f7fb5c87d202ef91a3907271aff24a94eb97ff039153c"
+checksum = "f1dd6dbb5841937940781866fa1281a1ff7bd3bf827091440879f9994983d5c2"
 dependencies = [
- "block-buffer 0.12.0",
+ "block-buffer 0.12.1",
  "const-oid",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1006,12 +1174,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -1030,11 +1198,38 @@ version = "1.0.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d0881ea181b1df73ff77ffaaf9c7544ecc11e82fba9b5f27b262a3c73a332555"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dyn_size_of"
+version = "0.4.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4a742b95783b1f45b900129082cbc47717b6a77ee8d17eea70a8ea62462f5de3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "env_filter"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32e90c2accc4b07a8456ea0debdc2e7587bdd890680d71173a15d4ae604f6eef"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "env_logger"
+version = "0.11.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0621c04f2196ac3f488dd583365b9c09be011a4ab8b9f37248ffcc8f6198b56a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "env_filter",
+ "log",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
@@ -1178,6 +1373,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fsum"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f5f673e5179fc055a5cb48fb40fc3f317160598d60c93b0ef8173504117765b0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fts"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -1251,7 +1452,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e835b70203e41293343137df5c0664546da5745f82ec9b84d40be8336958447b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -1294,6 +1495,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-tests"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9ff6d6584f4f6fa911d5e07856abf1a48dc5599b3734f2eaea130f2c3baa989"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1343,9 +1555,9 @@ checksum = "0cc23270f6e1808e30a928bdc84dea0b9b4136a8bc82338574f23baf47bbd280"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.4.13"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2f44da3a8150a6703ed5d34e164b875fd14c2cdab9af1252a9a1020bde2bdc54"
+checksum = "171fefbc92fe4a4de27e0698d6a5b392d6a0e333506bc49133760b3bcf948733"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1393,6 +1605,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash 0.7.8",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.14.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e5274423e17b7c9fc20b6e7e208532f9b19825d82dfd615708b70edd83df41f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash 0.8.12",
+ "allocator-api2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.15.5"
@@ -1420,9 +1642,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.17.0"
+version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f467dd6dccf739c208452f8014c75c18bb8301b050ad1cfb27153803edb0f51"
+checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hdt"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7b2b1ea7cbd25071f796251a1081ded2a164dd24e034d5f75342da35c157cf4e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitset-core",
+ "bytesize",
+ "console_error_panic_hook",
+ "crc",
+ "env_logger",
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "lasso",
+ "log",
+ "mem_dbg",
+ "mownstr",
+ "ntriple",
+ "oxttl",
+ "qwt",
+ "rayon",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "thiserror",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -1453,9 +1702,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "6970f50e31d6fc17d3fa27329444bfa74e196cf62e95052a3f6fee181dba6425"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1498,18 +1747,18 @@ checksum = "135b12329e5e3ce057a9f972339ea52bc954fe1e9358ef27f95e89716fbc5424"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hybrid-array"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08d46837a0ed51fe95bd3b05de33cd64a1ee88fc797477ca48446872504507c5"
+checksum = "9155a582abd142abc056962c29e3ce5ff2ad5469f4246b537ed42c5deba857da"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "55281c53a1894c864990125767da440a4e630446785086f52523b20033b74498"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1715,7 +1964,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d466e9454f08e4a911e14806c24e16fba1b4c121d1ea474396f396069cf949d9"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.17.0",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -1727,14 +1976,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "iri-string"
-version = "0.7.12"
+name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "25e659a4bb38e810ebc252e53b5814ff908a8c58c2a9ce2fae1bbec24cbf4e20"
-dependencies = [
- "memchr",
- "serde",
-]
+checksum = "a6cb138bb79a146c1bd460005623e142ef0181e3d0219cb493e02f7d08a35695"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
@@ -1763,13 +2008,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.95"
+version = "0.3.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2964e92d1d9dc3364cae4d718d93f227e3abb088e747d92e0395bfdedf1c12ca"
+checksum = "f2025f20d7a4fa7785846e7b63d10a76d3f1cee98ee5cb79ea59703f95e42162"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
- "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
@@ -1779,6 +2023,16 @@ version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "574b0cd5e90ee2ba03a66d0611fc9a09c9a0c28b2ecc2dc8a181dd31a53ca5d7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lasso"
+version = "0.7.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e14eda50a3494b3bf7b9ce51c52434a761e383d7238ce1dd5dcec2fbc13e9fb"
+dependencies = [
+ "dashmap",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -1862,9 +2116,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libmimalloc-sys"
-version = "0.1.47"
+version = "0.1.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d1eacfa31c33ec25e873c136ba5669f00f9866d0688bea7be4d3f7e43067df6"
+checksum = "6a45a52f43e1c16f667ccfe4dd8c85b7f7c204fd5e3bf46c5b0db9a5c3c0b8e9"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
@@ -1898,9 +2152,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "953f07c43838f8e6f9758cab68bf5bed85465e7587ebe0b823f1bcd81978ad3a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1980,14 +2234,35 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69b6441f590336821bb897fb28fc622898ccceb1d6cea3fde5ea86b090c4de98"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "digest 0.11.2",
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mem_dbg"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "728cc9dc97593cd22f7bc81fbef70a2d391d7a9a855e7d658b653318124a6cf0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "mem_dbg-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mem_dbg-derive"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d84f40c93b0508d5565db79a814d02d5b2545967205ce44be211592aafa34d6c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "88904434abc2901f197fe8cc55f0445e7ded921dba5911dad2e2b39b48e663c4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memmap2"
@@ -2000,13 +2275,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mimalloc"
-version = "0.1.50"
+version = "0.1.52"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b3627c4272df786b9260cabaa46aec1d59c93ede723d4c3ef646c503816b0640"
+checksum = "2d4139bb28d14ad1facf21d5eb8825051b326e172d216b39f6d31df53cc97862"
 dependencies = [
  "libmimalloc-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "minimum_redundancy"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a28ed9f799347e3fc3b0cc999332dbba53499551bbcf1070fcc12737645ac05b"
+dependencies = [
+ "binout",
+ "co_sort",
+ "dyn_size_of",
+ "fsum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -2019,15 +2306,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50b7e5b27aa02a74bac8c3f23f448f8d87ff11f92d3aac1a6ed369ee08cc56c1"
+checksum = "02bd0af71c67b473010cbbc60715ee815645a4dc942899111f494b4b737d6fda"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "wasi",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "mownstr"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b33dce847b8623c1f2e473ed3a05e43d0c395e3b93fab62378b6ae94b0a1c42c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ndarray"
 version = "0.17.2"
@@ -2067,6 +2360,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ntriple"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "020fb7cf74ddf131e4ba84e13221d2493ae4d17cad3982a9158771442d6b0730"
+dependencies = [
+ "peg 0.5.7",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nu-ansi-term"
 version = "0.50.3"
@@ -2112,7 +2414,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed3955f1a9c7c0c15e092f9c887db08b1fc683305fdf6eb6684f22555355e202"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -2194,7 +2496,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
- "quick-xml 0.39.2",
+ "quick-xml 0.39.4",
  "rand 0.10.1",
  "reqwest",
  "ring",
@@ -2216,6 +2518,12 @@ version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "384b8ab6d37215f3c5301a95a4accb5d64aa607f1fcb26a11b5303878451b4fe"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-probe"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -2233,9 +2541,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxilangtag"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23f3f87617a86af77fa3691e6350483e7154c2ead9f1261b75130e21ca0f8acb"
+checksum = "5d3b4eb570abd4a1dcb062c31fd37b832264d9dc7292c3e69acfe926c87b063f"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -2349,11 +2657,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link 0.2.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "paste"
+version = "1.0.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "peg"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40df12dde1d836ed2a4c3bfc2799797e3abaf807d97520d28d6e3f3bf41a5f85"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote 0.3.15",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "peg"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9928cfca101b36ec5163e70049ee5368a8a1c3c6efc9ca9c5f9cc2f816152477"
+checksum = "0aad070be5b63aa72103f2fcdd70a83adbd5e90112ce5b574171ff1c65501773"
 dependencies = [
  "peg-macros",
  "peg-runtime",
@@ -2361,20 +2684,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "peg-macros"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6298ab04c202fa5b5d52ba03269fb7b74550b150323038878fe6c372d8280f71"
+checksum = "ddd8ef6825cae95355031ae26a99b616a2a21f22ba2de0197c43dfb05acbe7ee"
 dependencies = [
  "peg-runtime",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "peg-runtime"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "132dca9b868d927b35b5dd728167b2dee150eb1ad686008fc71ccb298b776fca"
+checksum = "7011d97b484a5ebdc4b1fdb3b12d5e4bbbea56e9d22b688f2e79e04b65a7d8a6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
@@ -3031,7 +3354,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "590b0a94aa8f97992d52f1198600ecc1c1f7cfa03c1b31cae057143455804ac0"
 dependencies = [
  "argminmax",
- "bincode",
+ "bincode 2.0.1",
  "bytemuck",
  "bytes",
  "compact_str",
@@ -3151,7 +3474,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "16b845dbfca988fa33db069c0e230574d15a3088f147a87b64c7589eb662c9ac"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
@@ -3225,7 +3548,7 @@ checksum = "df6e520eff47c45997d2fc7dd8214b25dd1310918bbb2642156ef66a67f29813"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -3238,7 +3561,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-build-config",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -3271,9 +3594,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quick-xml"
-version = "0.39.2"
+version = "0.39.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "958f21e8e7ceb5a1aa7fa87fab28e7c75976e0bfe7e23ff069e0a260f894067d"
+checksum = "cdcc8dd4e2f670d309a5f0e83fe36dfdc05af317008fea29144da1a2ac858e5e"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
  "serde",
@@ -3344,6 +3667,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "0.3.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a6e920b65c65f10b2ae65c831a81a073a89edd28c7cce89475bff467ab4167a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
 version = "1.0.45"
@@ -3353,6 +3682,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "qwt"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1518389953b62e3b4bac17d8edc67e8291ec040523ab682479d8c706efc0b7b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bincode 1.3.3",
+ "clap",
+ "generic-tests",
+ "mem_dbg",
+ "minimum_redundancy",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+ "serde",
+ "serde-big-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "r-efi"
 version = "5.3.0"
@@ -3508,7 +3855,7 @@ version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "76009fbe0614077fc1a2ce255e3a1881a2e3a3527097d5dc6d8212c585e7e38b"
 dependencies = [
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -3537,15 +3884,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b7186006dcb21920990093f30e3dea63b7d6e977bf1256be20c3563a5db070da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.12.3"
+version = "1.12.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e10754a14b9137dd7b1e3e5b0493cc9171fdd105e0ab477f51b72e7f3ac0e276"
+checksum = "f1292b7759ae1cb9ec195452d1390a074f0cd8541ab7a5a8c31cd6db45d4a6ba"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -3566,9 +3913,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.8.10"
+version = "0.8.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc897dd8d9e8bd1ed8cdad82b5966c3e0ecae09fb1907d58efaa013543185d0a"
+checksum = "d6f6ff9a378485b298a5286656da665ba74413d36db0979633275d2e708145d4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rend"
@@ -3684,7 +4031,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "84d7b42d4b8d06048d3ac8db0eb31bcb942cbeb709f0b5f2b2ebde398d3038f5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
@@ -3709,9 +4056,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rust_decimal"
-version = "1.41.0"
+version = "1.42.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ce901f9a19d251159075a4c37af514c3b8ef99c22e02dd8c19161cf397ee94a"
+checksum = "be2a24f50780bc85f09cc6ac299bdf1424302742d77221106859c9d8b102126a"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayvec",
  "borsh",
@@ -3754,9 +4101,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.23.39"
+version = "0.23.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c2c118cb077cca2822033836dfb1b975355dfb784b5e8da48f7b6c5db74e60e"
+checksum = "ef86cd5876211988985292b91c96a8f2d298df24e75989a43a3c73f2d4d8168b"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "ring",
@@ -3768,9 +4115,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-native-certs"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "612460d5f7bea540c490b2b6395d8e34a953e52b491accd6c86c8164c5932a63"
+checksum = "dab5152771c58876a2146916e53e35057e1a4dfa2b9df0f0305b07f611fdea4d"
 dependencies = [
  "openssl-probe",
  "rustls-pki-types",
@@ -3886,6 +4233,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde-big-array"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11fc7cc2c76d73e0f27ee52abbd64eec84d46f370c88371120433196934e4b7f"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_core"
 version = "1.0.228"
@@ -3902,15 +4258,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -3950,7 +4306,7 @@ checksum = "aacc4cc499359472b4abe1bf11d0b12e688af9a805fa5e3016f9a386dc2d0214"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
- "digest 0.11.2",
+ "digest 0.11.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3993,9 +4349,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
+checksum = "f8fadd59c855ef2080decdef8ff161eb6661b86933c9d82e5ba29dc602a55aba"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook"
@@ -4047,9 +4403,9 @@ checksum = "e3a9fe34e3e7a50316060351f37187a3f546bce95496156754b601a5fa71b76e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b2aa850e253778c88a04c3d7323b043aeda9d3e30d5971937c1855769763678e"
+checksum = "8ee5873ec9cce0195efcb7a4e9507a04cd49aec9c83d0389df45b1ef7ba2e649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
@@ -4068,9 +4424,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.15.1"
+version = "1.15.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
+checksum = "8ed6a63f02c8539c91a8685a86f4099661ba3da017932f6ebbea6de3f0fa7c90"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "snap"
@@ -4080,9 +4436,9 @@ checksum = "1b6b67fb9a61334225b5b790716f609cd58395f895b3fe8b328786812a40bc3b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a766e1110788c36f4fa1c2b71b387a7815aa65f88ce0229841826633d93723e"
+checksum = "52d1cfed4120b4d927bf7c0f86d2087a4a7d6027c906d9f9d525a80573b9be51"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
@@ -4108,7 +4464,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "oxilangtag",
  "oxiri",
  "oxrdf",
- "peg",
+ "peg 0.8.6",
  "rand 0.10.1",
  "thiserror",
 ]
@@ -4146,7 +4502,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "028e551d5e270b31b9f3ea271778d9d827148d4287a5d96167b6bb9787f5cc38"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4196,6 +4552,12 @@ version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fe895eb47f22e2ddd4dabc02bce419d2e643c8e3b585c78158b349195bc24d82"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strum_macros"
 version = "0.27.2"
@@ -4204,7 +4566,7 @@ checksum = "7695ce3845ea4b33927c055a39dc438a45b059f7c1b3d91d38d10355fb8cbca7"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4221,7 +4583,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
@@ -4232,7 +4594,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
@@ -4252,7 +4614,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "728a70f3dbaf5bab7f0c4b1ac8d7ae5ea60a4b5549c8a5914361c99147a709d2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4289,7 +4651,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "oxilangtag",
  "oxiri",
  "oxrdf",
- "peg",
+ "peg 0.8.6",
  "pyo3",
  "representation",
  "spargebra",
@@ -4314,7 +4676,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ebc4ee7f67670e9b64d05fa4253e753e016c6c95ff35b89b7941d6b856dec1d5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4383,9 +4745,9 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.52.1"
+version = "1.52.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b67dee974fe86fd92cc45b7a95fdd2f99a36a6d7b0d431a231178d3d670bbcc6"
+checksum = "8fc7f01b389ac15039e4dc9531aa973a135d7a4135281b12d7c1bc79fd57fffe"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "libc",
@@ -4403,7 +4765,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "385a6cb71ab9ab790c5fe8d67f1645e6c450a7ce006a33de03daa956cf70a496"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4441,9 +4803,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -4477,20 +4839,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.8"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4e6559d53cc268e5031cd8429d05415bc4cb4aefc4aa5d6cc35fbf5b924a1f8"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "bytes",
  "futures-util",
  "http",
  "http-body",
- "iri-string",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tower",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
+ "url",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4524,7 +4886,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -4575,6 +4937,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cimxml_import",
  "file_io",
  "fts",
+ "hdt",
  "itoa",
  "memmap2",
  "ordered-float",
@@ -4608,9 +4971,9 @@ checksum = "e421abadd41a4225275504ea4d6566923418b7f05506fbc9c0fe86ba7396114b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
-version = "1.20.0"
+version = "1.20.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
+checksum = "b6f5e870be6c3b371b77fe0ee0bafb859fa4964b4404c27de1d380043c4dda20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
@@ -4638,9 +5001,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
-version = "1.13.2"
+version = "1.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9629274872b2bfaf8d66f5f15725007f635594914870f65218920345aa11aa8c"
+checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
@@ -4690,6 +5053,12 @@ version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "utils"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -4702,9 +5071,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.23.1"
+version = "1.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ddd74a9687298c6858e9b88ec8935ec45d22e8fd5e6394fa1bd4e99a87789c76"
+checksum = "144d6b123cef80b301b8f72a9e2ca4370ddec21950d0a103dd22c437006d2db7"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "js-sys",
@@ -4814,9 +5183,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.118"
+version = "0.2.123"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0bf938a0bacb0469e83c1e148908bd7d5a6010354cf4fb73279b7447422e3a89"
+checksum = "a254a4b10c19a76f09a27640e7ffbf9bc30bf67e16a3bf28aaefa4920fe81563"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -4828,9 +5197,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.68"
+version = "0.4.73"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f371d383f2fb139252e0bfac3b81b265689bf45b6874af544ffa4c975ac1ebf8"
+checksum = "54568702fabf5d4849ce2b90fadfa64168a097eaf4b351ce9df8b687a0086aaf"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -4838,32 +5207,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.118"
+version = "0.2.123"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eeff24f84126c0ec2db7a449f0c2ec963c6a49efe0698c4242929da037ca28ed"
+checksum = "24a40fc75b0ec6f3746ceb10d36f53a93dcd68a93b11b6445983945d79eba0dc"
 dependencies = [
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.118"
+version = "0.2.123"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d08065faf983b2b80a79fd87d8254c409281cf7de75fc4b773019824196c904"
+checksum = "908f34bd9b9ce3d4caf07b72dfab63d61504d156856c6bd3cd87fa350cf3985b"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.118"
+version = "0.2.123"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5fd04d9e306f1907bd13c6361b5c6bfc7b3b3c095ed3f8a9246390f8dbdee129"
+checksum = "7acbf7616c27b194bbb550bf77ed0c2c3e5b7fd1260a93082b95fb7f47959b92"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -4917,9 +5286,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.95"
+version = "0.3.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f2dfbb17949fa2088e5d39408c48368947b86f7834484e87b73de55bc14d97d"
+checksum = "6e0871acf327f283dc6da28a1696cdc64fb355ba9f935d052021fa77f35cce69"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -5032,7 +5401,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -5043,7 +5412,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
@@ -5281,9 +5650,9 @@ checksum = "d6bbff5f0aada427a1e5a6da5f1f98158182f26556f345ac9e04d36d0ebed650"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -5339,7 +5708,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "prettyplease",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "wit-bindgen-core",
  "wit-bindgen-rust",
@@ -5405,9 +5774,9 @@ checksum = "fdd20c5420375476fbd4394763288da7eb0cc0b8c11deed431a91562af7335d3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "yoke"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "abe8c5fda708d9ca3df187cae8bfb9ceda00dd96231bed36e445a1a48e66f9ca"
+checksum = "709fe23a0424b6a435d82152b1bd3fdfb0833487d5fa90d05d42762a9891fef5"
 dependencies = [
  "stable_deref_trait",
  "yoke-derive",
@@ -5421,36 +5790,36 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "de844c262c8848816172cef550288e7dc6c7b7814b4ee56b3e1553f275f1858e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.52"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "ce1022995ff5ff5d841ad7d994facc23098cd40152f2c1d11cd607c6f530653f"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.52"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "1ae7f38b72ec2a254e2b87ef277cf2cd4fb97cbebf944faa6f33354da0867930"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69faa1f2a1ea75661980b013019ed6687ed0e83d069bc1114e2cc74c6c04c4df"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
 dependencies = [
  "zerofrom-derive",
 ]
@@ -5462,7 +5831,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "11532158c46691caf0f2593ea8358fed6bbf68a0315e80aae9bd41fbade684a1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "synstructure",
 ]
@@ -5502,7 +5871,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "625dc425cab0dca6dc3c3319506e6593dcb08a9f387ea3b284dbd52a92c40555"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
+ "quote 1.0.45",
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 2090c4d7..a2808b1f 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ peg = "0.8"
 rand = "0.10.1"
 oxilangtag = "0.1.5"
 fundu = "2.0.1"
+hdt = { version = "0.6.0", default-features = false, features = ["nt"] }
 memmap2 = "0.9.5"
 sprs = "0.11.3"
 walkdir = "2.5.0"
diff --git a/lib/maplib/src/model.rs b/lib/maplib/src/model.rs
index 2a38adef..c8760683 100644
--- a/lib/maplib/src/model.rs
+++ b/lib/maplib/src/model.rs
@@ -473,6 +473,16 @@ impl Model {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn write_hdt<W: Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        buffer: &mut W,
+        graph: &NamedGraph,
+    ) -> Result<(), MaplibError> {
+        self.triplestore
+            .write_hdt(buffer, graph)
+            .map_err(MaplibError::TriplestoreError)
+    }
+
     pub fn write_cim_xml<W: Write>(
         &mut self,
         buffer: &mut W,
diff --git a/lib/triplestore/Cargo.toml b/lib/triplestore/Cargo.toml
index 3c0c0410..e1b68669 100644
--- a/lib/triplestore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/lib/triplestore/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ uuid.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 oxrdfio.workspace = true
 oxttl.workspace = true
+hdt.workspace = true
 memmap2.workspace = true
 sparesults.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
diff --git a/lib/triplestore/src/errors.rs b/lib/triplestore/src/errors.rs
index 5c92775f..4dc0ff7b 100644
--- a/lib/triplestore/src/errors.rs
+++ b/lib/triplestore/src/errors.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ pub enum TriplestoreError {
     DecodeError(PolarsError),
     #[error("Error collecting lazy triples {0}")]
     LazyLoadError(PolarsError),
+    #[error("HDT error: {0}")]
+    HDTError(String),
 }
 
 impl<T> From<PoisonError<T>> for TriplestoreError {
diff --git a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_read.rs b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_read.rs
index 5503b317..80edd4ad 100644
--- a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_read.rs
+++ b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_read.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use crate::TriplesToAdd;
 use std::cmp;
 
 use cimxml_import::{fix_cim_quad, Remapper};
+use hdt::Hdt;
 use memmap2::MmapOptions;
-use oxrdf::{BlankNode, GraphName, NamedNode, NamedOrBlankNode, Quad, Term, Triple};
+use oxrdf::{BlankNode, GraphName, Literal, NamedNode, NamedOrBlankNode, Quad, Term, Triple};
 use oxrdfio::{
     JsonLdProfileSet, LoadedDocument, RdfFormat, RdfParser, RdfSyntaxError, SliceQuadParser,
 };
@@ -25,7 +26,10 @@ use representation::{
 use representation::{OBJECT_COL_NAME, SUBJECT_COL_NAME};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Cursor;
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};
 
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ const UTF8_BOM: [u8; 3] = [0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF];
 pub enum ExtendedRdfFormat {
     Normal(RdfFormat),
     CIMXML,
+    HDT,
 }
 
 impl Triplestore {
@@ -70,6 +75,8 @@ impl Triplestore {
             ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::JsonLd {
                 profile: JsonLdProfileSet::empty(),
             })
+        } else if path.extension() == Some("hdt".as_ref()) {
+            ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT
         } else {
             todo!("Have not implemented file format {:?}", path);
         };
@@ -152,84 +159,23 @@ impl Triplestore {
         } else {
             matches!(rdf_format, ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::NTriples))
         };
-        let mut readers = if matches!(
-            rdf_format,
-            ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::NTriples)
-                | ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::Turtle)
-        ) && parallel
-        {
-            let threads = if let Ok(threads) = std::thread::available_parallelism() {
-                threads.get()
-            } else {
-                1
-            };
-
-            let mut readers = vec![];
-            if rdf_format == ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::Turtle) {
-                let mut parser = TurtleParser::new();
-                for (k, v) in prefixes {
-                    parser = parser.with_prefix(k, v.as_str()).unwrap();
-                }
-                if !checked {
-                    parser = parser.lenient();
-                }
-                if let Some(base_iri) = base_iri {
-                    parser = parser.with_base_iri(base_iri).unwrap();
-                }
-                for r in parser.split_slice_for_parallel_parsing(use_slice, threads) {
-                    readers.push(MyFromSliceQuadReader {
-                        parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::TurtlePar(r),
-                    });
-                }
-            } else if rdf_format == ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::NTriples) {
-                let mut parser = NTriplesParser::new();
-                if !checked {
-                    parser = parser.lenient();
-                }
-                for r in parser.split_slice_for_parallel_parsing(use_slice, threads) {
-                    readers.push(MyFromSliceQuadReader {
-                        parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::NTriplesPar(r),
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-            readers
+        let hdt;
+        let mut readers = if rdf_format == ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT {
+            hdt = Hdt::read(Cursor::new(use_slice))
+                .map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
+            vec![hdt_reader(&hdt)]
+        } else if parallel && rdf_format == ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::Turtle) {
+            parallel_turtle_readers(use_slice, prefixes, checked, base_iri)
+        } else if parallel && rdf_format == ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::NTriples) {
+            parallel_ntriples_readers(use_slice, checked)
         } else {
-            let use_format = match rdf_format {
-                ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(n) => n,
-                ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML => RdfFormat::RdfXml,
-            };
-            let mut parser = RdfParser::from(use_format.clone());
-            if !checked {
-                parser = parser.lenient();
-            }
-            if let Some(base_iri) = &base_iri {
-                parser = parser.with_base_iri(base_iri).unwrap();
-            }
-            let mut for_slice = parser.for_slice(use_slice);
-            if matches!(use_format, RdfFormat::JsonLd { .. }) {
-                for_slice = for_slice.with_document_loader(move |url| {
-                    if let Some(doc) = known_contexts.get(url) {
-                        Ok(LoadedDocument {
-                            url: url.to_string(),
-                            content: doc.clone().into_bytes(),
-                            format: RdfFormat::JsonLd {
-                                profile: JsonLdProfileSet::empty(),
-                            },
-                        })
-                    } else {
-                        Err(Box::new(TriplestoreError::MissingContext(url.to_string())))
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-            if matches!(rdf_format, ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML) {
-                vec![MyFromSliceQuadReader {
-                    parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::CIMXML(for_slice, base_iri.clone()),
-                }]
-            } else {
-                vec![MyFromSliceQuadReader {
-                    parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::Other(for_slice),
-                }]
-            }
+            vec![rdf_parser_reader(
+                use_slice,
+                &rdf_format,
+                checked,
+                base_iri,
+                known_contexts,
+            )]
         };
         debug!("Effective parallelization for reading is {}", readers.len());
 
@@ -508,6 +454,101 @@ fn create_predicate_map<'a>(
     Ok((out_r, graph_predicate_map))
 }
 
+fn hdt_reader(hdt: &Hdt) -> MyFromSliceQuadReader<'_> {
+    MyFromSliceQuadReader {
+        parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::HDT(Box::new(
+            hdt.triples_all().map(hdt_string_triple_to_quad),
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
+fn parallel_turtle_readers<'a>(
+    slice: &'a [u8],
+    prefixes: &HashMap<String, NamedNode>,
+    checked: bool,
+    base_iri: Option<String>,
+) -> Vec<MyFromSliceQuadReader<'a>> {
+    let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism()
+        .map(|t| t.get())
+        .unwrap_or(1);
+    let mut parser = TurtleParser::new();
+    for (k, v) in prefixes {
+        parser = parser.with_prefix(k, v.as_str()).unwrap();
+    }
+    if !checked {
+        parser = parser.lenient();
+    }
+    if let Some(base_iri) = base_iri {
+        parser = parser.with_base_iri(base_iri).unwrap();
+    }
+    parser
+        .split_slice_for_parallel_parsing(slice, threads)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|r| MyFromSliceQuadReader {
+            parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::TurtlePar(r),
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn parallel_ntriples_readers(slice: &[u8], checked: bool) -> Vec<MyFromSliceQuadReader<'_>> {
+    let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism()
+        .map(|t| t.get())
+        .unwrap_or(1);
+    let mut parser = NTriplesParser::new();
+    if !checked {
+        parser = parser.lenient();
+    }
+    parser
+        .split_slice_for_parallel_parsing(slice, threads)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|r| MyFromSliceQuadReader {
+            parser: MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::NTriplesPar(r),
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn rdf_parser_reader<'a>(
+    slice: &'a [u8],
+    rdf_format: &ExtendedRdfFormat,
+    checked: bool,
+    base_iri: Option<String>,
+    known_contexts: HashMap<String, String>,
+) -> MyFromSliceQuadReader<'a> {
+    let use_format = match rdf_format {
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(n) => *n,
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML => RdfFormat::RdfXml,
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT => unreachable!("HDT is handled in read_triples"),
+    };
+    let mut parser = RdfParser::from(use_format);
+    if !checked {
+        parser = parser.lenient();
+    }
+    if let Some(base_iri) = &base_iri {
+        parser = parser.with_base_iri(base_iri).unwrap();
+    }
+    let mut for_slice = parser.for_slice(slice);
+    if matches!(use_format, RdfFormat::JsonLd { .. }) {
+        for_slice = for_slice.with_document_loader(move |url| {
+            let Some(doc) = known_contexts.get(url) else {
+                return Err(Box::new(TriplestoreError::MissingContext(url.to_string())));
+            };
+            Ok(LoadedDocument {
+                url: url.to_string(),
+                content: doc.clone().into_bytes(),
+                format: RdfFormat::JsonLd {
+                    profile: JsonLdProfileSet::empty(),
+                },
+            })
+        });
+    }
+    let parser = if matches!(rdf_format, ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML) {
+        MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::CIMXML(for_slice, base_iri)
+    } else {
+        MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::Other(for_slice)
+    };
+    MyFromSliceQuadReader { parser }
+}
+
 //Adapted from proposed change to https://github.com/oxigraph/
 #[must_use]
 pub struct MyFromSliceQuadReader<'a> {
@@ -519,6 +560,7 @@ pub enum MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind<'a> {
     CIMXML(SliceQuadParser<'a>, Option<String>),
     TurtlePar(SliceTurtleParser<'a>),
     NTriplesPar(SliceNTriplesParser<'a>),
+    HDT(Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Quad> + Send + 'a>),
 }
 
 impl Iterator for MyFromSliceQuadReader<'_> {
@@ -545,10 +587,39 @@ impl Iterator for MyFromSliceQuadReader<'_> {
                 Ok(triple) => Ok(triple.in_graph(GraphName::default())),
                 Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
             },
+            MyFromSliceQuadReaderKind::HDT(iter) => Ok(iter.next()?),
         })
     }
 }
 
+fn hdt_string_triple_to_quad(t: [Arc<str>; 3]) -> Quad {
+    let [s, p, o] = t;
+    let subject = if let Some(label) = s.strip_prefix("_:") {
+        NamedOrBlankNode::BlankNode(BlankNode::new_unchecked(label))
+    } else {
+        NamedOrBlankNode::NamedNode(NamedNode::new_unchecked(s.as_ref()))
+    };
+    let predicate = NamedNode::new_unchecked(p.as_ref());
+    Quad::new(
+        subject,
+        predicate,
+        hdt_object_string_to_term(&o),
+        GraphName::DefaultGraph,
+    )
+}
+
+fn hdt_object_string_to_term(o: &str) -> Term {
+    if o.starts_with('"') {
+        return Literal::from_str(o)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| Literal::new_simple_literal(o))
+            .into();
+    }
+    if let Some(label) = o.strip_prefix("_:") {
+        return BlankNode::new_unchecked(label).into();
+    }
+    NamedNode::new_unchecked(o).into()
+}
+
 fn get_or_insert_dt(
     base_rdfnode_type_ref: BaseRDFNodeTypeRef,
     type_map: &mut HashMap<String, BaseRDFNodeType>,
diff --git a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
index 619bec6f..6ede13d6 100644
--- a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
+++ b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use super::Triplestore;
 use crate::errors::TriplestoreError;
+use hdt::Hdt;
 use oxrdf::NamedNode;
 use oxrdfio::{RdfFormat, RdfSerializer};
 use polars::prelude::{by_name, col};
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@ use representation::{
     LANG_STRING_LANG_FIELD, LANG_STRING_VALUE_FIELD, OBJECT_COL_NAME, SUBJECT_COL_NAME,
 };
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::io::Write;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
+use std::path::Path;
 
 mod fast_ntriples;
 mod pretty_turtle;
@@ -132,6 +135,38 @@ impl Triplestore {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn write_hdt<W: Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: &mut W,
+        graph: &NamedGraph,
+    ) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
+        self.check_graph_exists(graph)?;
+        // The hdt crate can only build an HDT dataset from an N-Triples file,
+        // so serialize to a temporary file first and convert it.
+        let tmp_path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("maplib_hdt_{}.nt", uuid::Uuid::new_v4()));
+        let _cleanup = RemoveFileOnDrop(tmp_path.clone());
+        self.write_hdt_via_ntriples(buf, graph, &tmp_path)
+    }
+
+    fn write_hdt_via_ntriples<W: Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: &mut W,
+        graph: &NamedGraph,
+        tmp_path: &Path,
+    ) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
+        let file = File::create(tmp_path).map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
+        let mut writer = BufWriter::new(file);
+        self.write_triples(&mut writer, RdfFormat::NTriples, graph, &HashMap::new())?;
+        writer
+            .into_inner()
+            .map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
+        let hdt = Hdt::read_nt(tmp_path).map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
+        let mut buf = BufWriter::new(buf);
+        hdt.write(&mut buf)
+            .map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn check_graph_exists(&self, graph: &NamedGraph) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
         if !self.graph_triples_map.contains_key(graph) {
             Err(TriplestoreError::GraphDoesNotExist(graph.to_string()))
@@ -141,6 +176,14 @@ impl Triplestore {
     }
 }
 
+struct RemoveFileOnDrop(std::path::PathBuf);
+
+impl Drop for RemoveFileOnDrop {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&self.0);
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn convert_datelike_to_string(df: &mut DataFrame, c: &str) {
     match df.column(c).unwrap().dtype() {
         DataType::Date => {
diff --git a/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi b/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
index b3260b0f..8941b1d1 100644
--- a/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
+++ b/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ class Model:
     def read(
         self,
         file_path: Union[str, Path],
-        format: LiteralType["ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "cim/xml", "json-ld"] = None,
+        format: LiteralType["ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "cim/xml", "json-ld", "hdt"] = None,
         base_iri: str = None,
         transient: bool = False,
         parallel: bool = None,
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ class Model:
         >>> m.read("my_triples.ttl")
 
         :param file_path: The path of the file containing triples
-        :param format: One of "ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "json-ld" or "cim/xml", otherwise it is inferred from the file extension.
+        :param format: One of "ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "json-ld", "cim/xml" or "hdt", otherwise it is inferred from the file extension.
         :param base_iri: Base iri
         :param transient: Should these triples be included when writing the graph to the file system?
         :param parallel: Parse triples in parallel, currently only NTRiples and Turtle. Assumes all prefixes are in the beginning of the document. Defaults to true only for NTriples.
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ class Model:
     def write(
         self,
         file_path: Union[str, Path],
-        format=LiteralType["ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml"],
+        format=LiteralType["ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "hdt"],
         graph: str = None,
         prefixes: Dict[str, str] = None,
     ) -> None:
@@ -966,7 +966,8 @@ class Model:
         >>> m.write("my_triples.nt", format="ntriples")
 
         :param file_path: The path of the file containing triples
-        :param format: One of "ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml".
+        :param format: One of "ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "hdt".
+            HDT is written via a temporary N-Triples file; literals with special characters are stored N-Triples-escaped, following the Rust hdt crate.
         :param graph: The IRI of the graph to write.
         :param prefixes: The prefixes that will be used in turtle serialization.
         """
@@ -1075,8 +1076,8 @@ class Model:
 
     def size(self, graph:str=None) -> int:
         """
-        Get the number of triples in a graph. 
-        
+        Get the number of triples in a graph.
+
         :param graph: The named graph we are returning the size for
         :return: The inferred N-Tuples.
         """
@@ -1144,4 +1145,4 @@ class VirtualizedDatabase:
         :param:database: An instance of a class containing a query method.
         :param:resource_sql_map: A dict providing a sqlalchemy Select for each resource.
         :param:sql_dialect: The SQL dialect accepted by the query method.
-        """
\ No newline at end of file
+        """
diff --git a/py_maplib/src/lib.rs b/py_maplib/src/lib.rs
index ad01c3b4..5097f647 100644
--- a/py_maplib/src/lib.rs
+++ b/py_maplib/src/lib.rs
@@ -1549,6 +1549,12 @@ fn reads_mutex(
     let graph = parse_optional_named_node(graph)?;
     let named_graph = NamedGraph::from_maybe_named_node(graph.as_ref());
     let format = resolve_format(format).map_err(PyMaplibError::from)?;
+    if format == ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT {
+        return Err(PyMaplibError::FunctionArgumentError(
+            "HDT is a binary format, use read() instead of reads()".to_string(),
+        )
+        .into());
+    }
     inner
         .reads(
             s,
@@ -1574,18 +1580,34 @@ fn write_triples_mutex(
     prefixes: Option<HashMap<String, NamedNode>>,
 ) -> PyResult<()> {
     let format = if let Some(format) = format {
-        resolve_normal_format(&format).map_err(PyMaplibError::from)?
+        resolve_format(&format).map_err(PyMaplibError::from)?
     } else {
-        RdfFormat::NTriples
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(RdfFormat::NTriples)
     };
+    if format == ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML {
+        return Err(PyMaplibError::FunctionArgumentError(
+            "Use write_cim_xml to write CIM XML".to_string(),
+        )
+        .into());
+    }
     let path_buf = PathBuf::from(file_path);
     let mut actual_file = File::create(path_buf.as_path())
         .map_err(|x| PyMaplibError::from(MaplibError::FileCreateIOError(x)))?;
     let graph = parse_optional_named_node(graph)?;
     let named_graph = NamedGraph::from_maybe_named_node(graph.as_ref());
-    inner
-        .write_triples(&mut actual_file, &named_graph, format, prefixes.as_ref())
-        .unwrap();
+    match format {
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(format) => {
+            inner
+                .write_triples(&mut actual_file, &named_graph, format, prefixes.as_ref())
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT => {
+            inner
+                .write_hdt(&mut actual_file, &named_graph)
+                .map_err(PyMaplibError::from)?;
+        }
+        ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML => unreachable!("rejected above"),
+    }
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -1657,6 +1679,12 @@ fn writes_mutex(
     prefixes: Option<HashMap<String, NamedNode>>,
 ) -> PyResult<String> {
     let format = if let Some(format) = format {
+        if format.eq_ignore_ascii_case("hdt") {
+            return Err(PyMaplibError::FunctionArgumentError(
+                "HDT is a binary format, use write() instead of writes()".to_string(),
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
         resolve_normal_format(&format).map_err(PyMaplibError::from)?
     } else {
         RdfFormat::NTriples
@@ -1928,6 +1956,7 @@ fn resolve_normal_format(format: &str) -> Result<RdfFormat, PyMaplibError> {
 fn resolve_format(format: &str) -> Result<ExtendedRdfFormat, PyMaplibError> {
     match format.to_lowercase().as_str() {
         "cim" | "cim/xml" | "cimxml" => Ok(ExtendedRdfFormat::CIMXML),
+        "hdt" => Ok(ExtendedRdfFormat::HDT),
         _ => match resolve_normal_format(format) {
             Ok(o) => Ok(ExtendedRdfFormat::Normal(o)),
             Err(e) => Err(e),
diff --git a/py_maplib/tests/test_hdt.py b/py_maplib/tests/test_hdt.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..495b257c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/py_maplib/tests/test_hdt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import pathlib
+
+import polars as pl
+import pytest
+import rdflib
+from rdflib.compare import isomorphic
+
+from maplib import Model
+
+pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(300)
+
+PATH_HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
+TESTDATA_PATH = PATH_HERE / "testdata"
+
+
+def model_as_rdflib_graph(m: Model) -> rdflib.Graph:
+    g = rdflib.Graph()
+    g.parse(data=m.writes(format="ntriples"), format="nt")
+    return g
+
+
+def test_write_read_hdt_round_trip_is_isomorphic(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.read(str(TESTDATA_PATH / "read_ntriples.nt"))
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "out.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    assert isomorphic(model_as_rdflib_graph(m), model_as_rdflib_graph(m2))
+
+
+def test_read_hdt_infers_format_from_file_extension(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.read(str(TESTDATA_PATH / "read_ntriples.nt"))
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "out.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path))
+    res = m2.query(
+        """
+        SELECT ?v ?o WHERE {
+            ?s ?v ?o .
+        }
+        """
+    )
+    assert res.height == 8
+
+
+def test_hdt_round_trip_preserves_typed_and_language_literals(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads(
+        """
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:p> "plain" .
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:lang> "hello"@en .
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:int> "42"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> .
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:dec> "1.5"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal> .
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:esc> "line1\\nline2 \\"quoted\\"" .
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:obj> <urn:maplib:s2> .
+        """,
+        format="ntriples",
+    )
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "literals.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path))
+
+    assert isomorphic(model_as_rdflib_graph(m), model_as_rdflib_graph(m2))
+
+
+def test_empty_graph_hdt_round_trip(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads("<urn:maplib:s> <urn:maplib:p> <urn:maplib:o> .", format="ntriples")
+    m.update("DELETE WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }")
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "empty.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+    res = m2.query("SELECT ?s ?p ?o WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }")
+    assert res.height == 0
+
+
+def test_writes_with_hdt_format_raises_since_hdt_is_binary():
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads("<urn:maplib:s> <urn:maplib:p> <urn:maplib:o> .", format="ntriples")
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="binary"):
+        m.writes(format="hdt")
+
+
+def test_reads_with_hdt_format_raises_since_hdt_is_binary():
+    m = Model()
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="binary"):
+        m.reads("anything", format="hdt")
+
+
+def test_hdt_round_trip_preserves_object_position_blank_nodes(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads(
+        """
+        <urn:maplib:s1> <urn:maplib:p> _:b1 .
+        _:b1 <urn:maplib:p> _:b2 .
+        _:b2 <urn:maplib:p> "leaf" .
+        """,
+        format="ntriples",
+    )
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "blanks.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path))
+
+    assert isomorphic(model_as_rdflib_graph(m), model_as_rdflib_graph(m2))
+
+
+def test_hdt_round_trip_preserves_backslashes_in_literals(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads(
+        "<urn:maplib:s> <urn:maplib:p> \"C:\\\\new\\\\path\" .",
+        format="ntriples",
+    )
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "backslash.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path))
+    res = m2.query("SELECT ?o WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }")
+    assert res.get_column("o").to_list() == ["C:\\new\\path"]
+
+
+def test_reading_truncated_hdt_file_raises_normal_exception(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.read(str(TESTDATA_PATH / "read_ntriples.nt"))
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "out.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    content = hdt_path.read_bytes()
+    truncated_path = tmp_path / "truncated.hdt"
+    truncated_path.write_bytes(content[: len(content) // 2])
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="HDT"):
+        m2.read(str(truncated_path))
+
+
+def test_write_cim_xml_format_does_not_truncate_existing_file(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads("<urn:maplib:s> <urn:maplib:p> <urn:maplib:o> .", format="ntriples")
+    out_path = tmp_path / "out.xml"
+    out_path.write_text("precious")
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="write_cim_xml"):
+        m.write(str(out_path), format="cim/xml")
+    assert out_path.read_text() == "precious"
+
+
+def test_hdt_round_trip_preserves_language_tags(tmp_path):
+    m = Model()
+    m.reads(
+        '<urn:maplib:s> <urn:maplib:p> "hello"@en-US .',
+        format="ntriples",
+    )
+    hdt_path = tmp_path / "lang.hdt"
+    m.write(str(hdt_path), format="hdt")
+
+    m2 = Model()
+    m2.read(str(hdt_path))
+
+    assert m.writes(format="ntriples").strip() == m2.writes(format="ntriples").strip()

From e6cf67fd1e4720929d4bb1064303e6dde55986c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Kaczmarek <krzysztof.kaczmarek@me.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2026 14:54:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] feat: build HDT in memory when writing, without a
 temporary file

---
 lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs          |  56 ++---
 .../src/triples_write/hdt_write.rs            | 206 ++++++++++++++++++
 py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi                 |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 227 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/triplestore/src/triples_write/hdt_write.rs

diff --git a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
index 6ede13d6..cc6b05d9 100644
--- a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
+++ b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use super::Triplestore;
 use crate::errors::TriplestoreError;
-use hdt::Hdt;
 use oxrdf::NamedNode;
 use oxrdfio::{RdfFormat, RdfSerializer};
 use polars::prelude::{by_name, col};
@@ -16,11 +15,10 @@ use representation::{
     LANG_STRING_LANG_FIELD, LANG_STRING_VALUE_FIELD, OBJECT_COL_NAME, SUBJECT_COL_NAME,
 };
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
-use std::path::Path;
+use std::io::Write;
 
 mod fast_ntriples;
+mod hdt_write;
 mod pretty_turtle;
 mod serializers;
 
@@ -141,30 +139,24 @@ impl Triplestore {
         graph: &NamedGraph,
     ) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
         self.check_graph_exists(graph)?;
-        // The hdt crate can only build an HDT dataset from an N-Triples file,
-        // so serialize to a temporary file first and convert it.
-        let tmp_path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("maplib_hdt_{}.nt", uuid::Uuid::new_v4()));
-        let _cleanup = RemoveFileOnDrop(tmp_path.clone());
-        self.write_hdt_via_ntriples(buf, graph, &tmp_path)
-    }
-
-    fn write_hdt_via_ntriples<W: Write>(
-        &mut self,
-        buf: &mut W,
-        graph: &NamedGraph,
-        tmp_path: &Path,
-    ) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
-        let file = File::create(tmp_path).map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
-        let mut writer = BufWriter::new(file);
-        self.write_triples(&mut writer, RdfFormat::NTriples, graph, &HashMap::new())?;
-        writer
-            .into_inner()
-            .map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
-        let hdt = Hdt::read_nt(tmp_path).map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
-        let mut buf = BufWriter::new(buf);
-        hdt.write(&mut buf)
-            .map_err(|e| TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string()))?;
-        Ok(())
+        let mut builder = hdt_write::HdtBuilder::new();
+        for (predicate, df_map) in self.graph_triples_map.get(graph).unwrap() {
+            for ((subject_type, object_type), tt) in df_map {
+                for (lf, _) in tt.get_lazy_frames(&None, &None)? {
+                    let triples = global_df_as_triples(
+                        lf.collect().unwrap(),
+                        subject_type.clone(),
+                        object_type.clone(),
+                        predicate,
+                        self.global_cats.clone(),
+                    );
+                    for t in &triples {
+                        builder.add_triple(t);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        builder.finish(buf)
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn check_graph_exists(&self, graph: &NamedGraph) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
@@ -176,14 +168,6 @@ impl Triplestore {
     }
 }
 
-struct RemoveFileOnDrop(std::path::PathBuf);
-
-impl Drop for RemoveFileOnDrop {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&self.0);
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn convert_datelike_to_string(df: &mut DataFrame, c: &str) {
     match df.column(c).unwrap().dtype() {
         DataType::Date => {
diff --git a/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write/hdt_write.rs b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write/hdt_write.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da6d2fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/triplestore/src/triples_write/hdt_write.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+use crate::errors::TriplestoreError;
+use hdt::containers::rdf::{Id, Literal as HdtLiteral, Term as HdtTerm, Triple as HdtTriple};
+use hdt::containers::ControlInfo;
+use hdt::dict_sect_pfc::DictSectPFC;
+use hdt::four_sect_dict::FourSectDict;
+use hdt::header::Header;
+use hdt::triples::{TripleId, TriplesBitmap};
+use hdt::IdKind;
+use oxrdf::{NamedOrBlankNode, Term, Triple};
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
+use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 16;
+const BASE_IRI: &str = "https://github.com/DataTreehouse/maplib";
+
+pub(super) struct HdtBuilder {
+    term_ids: HashMap<String, usize>,
+    roles: Vec<TermRoles>,
+    triples: Vec<[usize; 3]>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
+struct TermRoles {
+    subject: bool,
+    predicate: bool,
+    object: bool,
+}
+
+impl HdtBuilder {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            term_ids: HashMap::new(),
+            roles: Vec::new(),
+            triples: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn add_triple(&mut self, t: &Triple) {
+        let s = self.intern(subject_dict_string(&t.subject));
+        let p = self.intern(t.predicate.as_str().to_owned());
+        let o = self.intern(object_dict_string(&t.object));
+        self.roles[s].subject = true;
+        self.roles[p].predicate = true;
+        self.roles[o].object = true;
+        self.triples.push([s, p, o]);
+    }
+
+    fn intern(&mut self, term: String) -> usize {
+        let next_id = self.term_ids.len();
+        match self.term_ids.entry(term) {
+            Entry::Occupied(e) => *e.get(),
+            Entry::Vacant(e) => {
+                e.insert(next_id);
+                self.roles.push(TermRoles::default());
+                next_id
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn finish<W: Write>(self, buf: &mut W) -> Result<(), TriplestoreError> {
+        let dict = self.build_dict();
+        let encoded = self.encode_triples(&dict)?;
+        let triples = TriplesBitmap::from_triples(&encoded);
+        let header = statistics_header(&dict, encoded.len());
+
+        let mut writer = BufWriter::new(buf);
+        ControlInfo::global()
+            .write(&mut writer)
+            .map_err(hdt_error)?;
+        header.write(&mut writer).map_err(hdt_error)?;
+        dict.write(&mut writer).map_err(hdt_error)?;
+        triples.write(&mut writer).map_err(hdt_error)?;
+        writer.flush().map_err(hdt_error)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn build_dict(&self) -> FourSectDict {
+        let mut shared = BTreeSet::new();
+        let mut subjects = BTreeSet::new();
+        let mut predicates = BTreeSet::new();
+        let mut objects = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (term, &id) in &self.term_ids {
+            let roles = &self.roles[id];
+            if roles.predicate {
+                predicates.insert(term.as_str());
+            }
+            if roles.subject && roles.object {
+                shared.insert(term.as_str());
+            } else if roles.subject {
+                subjects.insert(term.as_str());
+            } else if roles.object {
+                objects.insert(term.as_str());
+            }
+        }
+        FourSectDict {
+            shared: DictSectPFC::compress(&shared, BLOCK_SIZE),
+            subjects: DictSectPFC::compress(&subjects, BLOCK_SIZE),
+            predicates: DictSectPFC::compress(&predicates, BLOCK_SIZE),
+            objects: DictSectPFC::compress(&objects, BLOCK_SIZE),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_triples(&self, dict: &FourSectDict) -> Result<Vec<TripleId>, TriplestoreError> {
+        let mut term_by_id = vec![""; self.term_ids.len()];
+        for (term, &id) in &self.term_ids {
+            term_by_id[id] = term.as_str();
+        }
+        let mut encoded = Vec::with_capacity(self.triples.len());
+        for [s, p, o] in &self.triples {
+            let triple_id: TripleId = [
+                dict.string_to_id(term_by_id[*s], IdKind::Subject),
+                dict.string_to_id(term_by_id[*p], IdKind::Predicate),
+                dict.string_to_id(term_by_id[*o], IdKind::Object),
+            ];
+            if triple_id.contains(&0) {
+                return Err(TriplestoreError::HDTError(format!(
+                    "term of ({}, {}, {}) missing from the HDT dictionary",
+                    term_by_id[*s], term_by_id[*p], term_by_id[*o]
+                )));
+            }
+            encoded.push(triple_id);
+        }
+        encoded.sort_unstable();
+        encoded.dedup();
+        Ok(encoded)
+    }
+}
+
+fn subject_dict_string(subject: &NamedOrBlankNode) -> String {
+    match subject {
+        NamedOrBlankNode::NamedNode(nn) => nn.as_str().to_owned(),
+        NamedOrBlankNode::BlankNode(bn) => bn.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn object_dict_string(object: &Term) -> String {
+    match object {
+        Term::NamedNode(nn) => nn.as_str().to_owned(),
+        Term::BlankNode(bn) => bn.to_string(),
+        Term::Literal(lit) => lit.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn statistics_header(dict: &FourSectDict, num_triples: usize) -> Header {
+    use hdt::vocab::*;
+
+    let mut body = BTreeSet::new();
+    let base = Id::Named(BASE_IRI.to_owned());
+    let stats_id = Id::Blank("statistics".to_owned());
+    let pub_id = Id::Blank("publicationInformation".to_owned());
+    let format_id = Id::Blank("format".to_owned());
+    let dict_id = Id::Blank("dictionary".to_owned());
+    let triples_id = Id::Blank("triples".to_owned());
+
+    let distinct_subjects = dict.subjects.num_strings() + dict.shared.num_strings();
+    let distinct_objects = dict.objects.num_strings() + dict.shared.num_strings();
+
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, RDF_TYPE, HDT_CONTAINER);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, RDF_TYPE, VOID_DATASET);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, VOID_TRIPLES, num_triples);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, VOID_PROPERTIES, dict.predicates.num_strings());
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, VOID_DISTINCT_SUBJECTS, distinct_subjects);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &base, VOID_DISTINCT_OBJECTS, distinct_objects);
+
+    insert_id(&mut body, &base, HDT_STATISTICAL_INFORMATION, &stats_id);
+    insert_id(&mut body, &base, HDT_STATISTICAL_INFORMATION, &pub_id);
+    insert_id(&mut body, &base, HDT_FORMAT_INFORMATION, &format_id);
+    insert_id(&mut body, &format_id, HDT_DICTIONARY, &dict_id);
+    insert_id(&mut body, &format_id, HDT_TRIPLES, &triples_id);
+
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &dict_id, HDT_DICT_SHARED_SO, dict.shared.num_strings());
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &dict_id, HDT_DICT_MAPPING, "1");
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &dict_id, HDT_DICT_SIZE_STRINGS, dict.size_in_bytes());
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &dict_id, HDT_DICT_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &triples_id, DC_TERMS_FORMAT, HDT_TYPE_BITMAP);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &triples_id, HDT_NUM_TRIPLES, num_triples);
+    insert_literal(&mut body, &triples_id, HDT_TRIPLES_ORDER, "SPO");
+
+    let mut serialized_body = Vec::new();
+    for triple in &body {
+        writeln!(serialized_body, "{triple}").unwrap();
+    }
+    Header {
+        format: "ntriples".to_owned(),
+        length: serialized_body.len(),
+        body,
+    }
+}
+
+fn insert_literal(body: &mut BTreeSet<HdtTriple>, s: &Id, p: &str, o: impl ToString) {
+    body.insert(HdtTriple::new(
+        s.clone(),
+        p.to_owned(),
+        HdtTerm::Literal(HdtLiteral::new(o.to_string())),
+    ));
+}
+
+fn insert_id(body: &mut BTreeSet<HdtTriple>, s: &Id, p: &str, o: &Id) {
+    body.insert(HdtTriple::new(s.clone(), p.to_owned(), HdtTerm::Id(o.clone())));
+}
+
+fn hdt_error(e: impl std::fmt::Display) -> TriplestoreError {
+    TriplestoreError::HDTError(e.to_string())
+}
diff --git a/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi b/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
index 8941b1d1..e22da8d5 100644
--- a/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
+++ b/py_maplib/maplib/__init__.pyi
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ class Model:
 
         :param file_path: The path of the file containing triples
         :param format: One of "ntriples", "turtle", "rdf/xml", "hdt".
-            HDT is written via a temporary N-Triples file; literals with special characters are stored N-Triples-escaped, following the Rust hdt crate.
+            HDT is built in memory; literals with special characters are stored N-Triples-escaped, following the Rust hdt crate.
         :param graph: The IRI of the graph to write.
         :param prefixes: The prefixes that will be used in turtle serialization.
         """