nginx.conf.example

# Nginx configuration for Python Web Template
# Copy this file to nginx.conf and adjust as needed

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    use epoll;
    multi_accept on;
}

http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    # Logging
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '
                    'rt=$request_time uct="$upstream_connect_time" '
                    'uht="$upstream_header_time" urt="$upstream_response_time"';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

    # Performance
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    client_max_body_size 20M;

    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript
               application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss
               application/rss+xml font/truetype font/opentype
               application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml;
    gzip_disable "msie6";

    # Security headers
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'" always;

    # Rate limiting
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api_limit:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=general_limit:10m rate=100r/s;
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;

    # Upstream application servers
    upstream app_backend {
        least_conn;
        server app:8000 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        # Add more app servers for load balancing:
        # server app2:8000 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        # server app3:8000 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        keepalive 32;
    }

    # HTTP server - redirect to HTTPS
    server {
        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;
        server_name example.com www.example.com;

        # Let's Encrypt ACME challenge
        location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
            root /var/www/certbot;
            default_type "text/plain";
        }

        # Redirect all other traffic to HTTPS
        location / {
            return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
        }
    }

    # HTTPS server
    server {
        listen 443 ssl http2;
        listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name example.com www.example.com;

        # SSL certificates
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/privkey.pem;

        # SSL configuration
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
        ssl_session_timeout 10m;
        ssl_stapling on;
        ssl_stapling_verify on;

        # HSTS (optional, uncomment after testing)
        # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

        # Root directory
        root /var/www/html;

        # Health check endpoint (no rate limiting)
        location /health {
            proxy_pass http://app_backend;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";
            access_log off;
        }

        # API endpoints with rate limiting
        location /api/ {
            limit_req zone=api_limit burst=20 nodelay;
            limit_conn addr 10;

            proxy_pass http://app_backend;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";

            # Timeouts
            proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
            proxy_send_timeout 60s;
            proxy_read_timeout 60s;

            # Buffering
            proxy_buffering on;
            proxy_buffer_size 4k;
            proxy_buffers 8 4k;
            proxy_busy_buffers_size 8k;
        }

        # WebSocket support
        location /ws/ {
            proxy_pass http://app_backend;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            # Timeouts for WebSocket
            proxy_connect_timeout 7d;
            proxy_send_timeout 7d;
            proxy_read_timeout 7d;
        }

        # Static files (if served by nginx)
        location /static/ {
            alias /var/www/static/;
            expires 30d;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
            access_log off;
        }

        # Media files (if served by nginx)
        location /media/ {
            alias /var/www/media/;
            expires 7d;
            add_header Cache-Control "public";
        }

        # Root and other endpoints
        location / {
            limit_req zone=general_limit burst=50 nodelay;
            limit_conn addr 20;

            proxy_pass http://app_backend;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";

            # Timeouts
            proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
            proxy_send_timeout 60s;
            proxy_read_timeout 60s;
        }

        # Deny access to hidden files
        location ~ /\. {
            deny all;
            access_log off;
            log_not_found off;
        }

        # Custom error pages
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }

    # Additional server block for www redirect (optional)
    server {
        listen 443 ssl http2;
        listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name www.example.com;

        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/privkey.pem;

        return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
    }
}