diff --git a/src/document_anonymizer/security/middleware.py b/src/document_anonymizer/security/middleware.py
index 62d4d3a..4a4b99b 100644
--- a/src/document_anonymizer/security/middleware.py
+++ b/src/document_anonymizer/security/middleware.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Security middleware: CSP, headers, request ID tracking."""
 
+import secrets
 import uuid
 
 import structlog
@@ -9,6 +10,9 @@
 
 _STATIC_PATH_PREFIX = "/static/"
 
+# Number of random bytes for CSP nonce (16 bytes = 128 bits of entropy)
+_CSP_NONCE_BYTES = 16
+
 
 class SecurityHeadersMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
     """Add security headers to all responses."""
@@ -20,6 +24,10 @@ async def dispatch(
         request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
         request.state.request_id = request_id
 
+        # Generate per-request CSP nonce for inline scripts
+        csp_nonce = secrets.token_urlsafe(_CSP_NONCE_BYTES)
+        request.state.csp_nonce = csp_nonce
+
         # Bind request_id to structlog context for all downstream logging
         structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars(request_id=request_id)
 
@@ -35,7 +43,7 @@ async def dispatch(
             )
             response.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = (
                 "default-src 'self'; "
-                "script-src 'self'; "
+                f"script-src 'self' 'nonce-{csp_nonce}'; "
                 "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; "
                 "img-src 'self' data:; "
                 "font-src 'self'; "
diff --git a/src/document_anonymizer/web/routes.py b/src/document_anonymizer/web/routes.py
index 7e21054..4802ecc 100644
--- a/src/document_anonymizer/web/routes.py
+++ b/src/document_anonymizer/web/routes.py
@@ -96,15 +96,20 @@ def _template_response(
     ctx: dict[str, object] = {"lang": lang}
     if context:
         ctx.update(context)
-    # Provide all translations as JSON for client-side window.__t()
-# Only embed translations for full-page responses that include base.html
-if template_name in ("index.html", "base.html"):  # or check explicitly
-    all_translations = get_translations(lang)
-    ctx["translations_json"] = json.dumps(all_translations, ensure_ascii=False).replace(
-        "</", r"<\/"
-    )
-else:
-    ctx["translations_json"] = "{}"  # or omit entirely
+    # Provide all translations as JSON for client-side window.__t().
+    # Only full-page templates (extending base.html) need the JSON blob;
+    # HTMX fragments inherit the already-loaded window.__translations.
+    if template_name == "index.html":
+        all_translations = get_translations(lang)
+        ctx["translations_json"] = json.dumps(
+            all_translations, ensure_ascii=False
+        ).replace("</", r"<\/")
+    else:
+        ctx["translations_json"] = "{}"
+
+    # Pass CSP nonce so the inline translations <script> is allowed
+    csp_nonce: str = getattr(request.state, "csp_nonce", "")
+    ctx["csp_nonce"] = csp_nonce
 
     response = templates.TemplateResponse(
         request, template_name, ctx, status_code=status_code
diff --git a/src/document_anonymizer/web/templates/base.html b/src/document_anonymizer/web/templates/base.html
index 08bf7a2..7c29868 100644
--- a/src/document_anonymizer/web/templates/base.html
+++ b/src/document_anonymizer/web/templates/base.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <title>{% block title %}{{ _("brand.name") }}{% endblock %}</title>
     <script src="/static/js/htmx.min.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/i18n.js"></script>
-    <script>window.__translations = {{ translations_json | safe }};</script>
+    <script nonce="{{ csp_nonce }}">window.__translations = {{ translations_json | safe }};</script>
     <script src="/static/js/app.js" defer></script>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/app.css">
     <link rel="preload" href="/static/fonts/instrument-serif-normal-latin.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin>
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 2f12f0e..5f8b8ef 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,9 +1,30 @@
 """Shared test fixtures."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from document_anonymizer.api.app import app
+from document_anonymizer.security.rate_limiter import RateLimiterMiddleware
+
+
+def _find_rate_limiter(app_obj: object) -> RateLimiterMiddleware | None:
+    """Walk the middleware stack to find the RateLimiterMiddleware instance."""
+    current: object | None = getattr(app_obj, "middleware_stack", None)
+    while current is not None:
+        if isinstance(current, RateLimiterMiddleware):
+            return current
+        current = getattr(current, "app", None)
+    return None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _reset_rate_limiter() -> None:
+    """Clear rate limiter state before each test to prevent 429 cascade."""
+    limiter = _find_rate_limiter(app)
+    if limiter is not None:
+        limiter._requests.clear()
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
diff --git a/tests/test_web/test_routes.py b/tests/test_web/test_routes.py
index 746b1ae..9164bc9 100644
--- a/tests/test_web/test_routes.py
+++ b/tests/test_web/test_routes.py
@@ -287,6 +287,36 @@ def test_csp_header_present(self) -> None:
         assert "frame-ancestors 'none'" in csp
         assert "font-src 'self'" in csp
 
+    def test_csp_nonce_in_script_src(self) -> None:
+        """CSP script-src must include a per-request nonce."""
+        r = client.get("/")
+        csp = r.headers["Content-Security-Policy"]
+        assert "'nonce-" in csp
+
+    def test_csp_nonce_differs_per_request(self) -> None:
+        """Each request must get a unique CSP nonce."""
+        r1 = client.get("/")
+        r2 = client.get("/")
+        csp1 = r1.headers["Content-Security-Policy"]
+        csp2 = r2.headers["Content-Security-Policy"]
+        assert csp1 != csp2
+
+    def test_csp_nonce_matches_inline_script(self) -> None:
+        """The nonce in the CSP header must match the nonce on the inline script tag."""
+        import re
+
+        r = client.get("/")
+        csp = r.headers["Content-Security-Policy"]
+        csp_match = re.search(r"'nonce-([^']+)'", csp)
+        assert csp_match is not None
+        csp_nonce = csp_match.group(1)
+
+        html_match = re.search(r'<script nonce="([^"]+)">', r.text)
+        assert html_match is not None
+        html_nonce = html_match.group(1)
+
+        assert csp_nonce == html_nonce
+
 
 class TestFormValidation:
     def test_score_threshold_above_max_rejected(self) -> None: