quality-error-handling.md

title	impact	impactDescription	tags
Error Handling Patterns	HIGH	Proper error handling ensures debuggable and secure code	errors, trpc, services, repositories

Error Handling Patterns

Descriptive Errors

// ✅ Good - Descriptive error with context
throw new Error(`Unable to create booking: User ${userId} has no available time slots for ${date}`);

// ❌ Bad - Generic error
throw new Error("Booking failed");

ErrorWithCode vs TRPCError

Use ErrorWithCode for files that are not directly coupled to tRPC. The tRPC package has a middleware called errorConversionMiddleware that automatically converts ErrorWithCode instances into TRPCError instances.

In Non-tRPC Files (services, repositories, utilities)

import { ErrorCode } from "@calcom/lib/errorCodes";
import { ErrorWithCode } from "@calcom/lib/errors";

// Option 1: Using constructor with ErrorCode enum
throw new ErrorWithCode(ErrorCode.BookingNotFound, "Booking not found");

// Option 2: Using the Factory pattern for common HTTP errors
throw ErrorWithCode.Factory.Forbidden("You don't have permission to view this");
throw ErrorWithCode.Factory.NotFound("Resource not found");
throw ErrorWithCode.Factory.BadRequest("Invalid input");

In tRPC Routers Only

import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";

throw new TRPCError({
  code: "BAD_REQUEST",
  message: "Invalid booking time slot",
});

packages/features Import Restrictions

Files in packages/features/** should NOT import from @calcom/trpc. This keeps the features package decoupled from the tRPC layer, making the code more reusable and testable. Use ErrorWithCode for error handling in these files.