diff --git a/monai/data/iterable_dataset.py b/monai/data/iterable_dataset.py
index 3ee70bf69e..0e85b214c1 100644
--- a/monai/data/iterable_dataset.py
+++ b/monai/data/iterable_dataset.py
@@ -122,14 +122,25 @@ def generate_item(self):
             yield self.randomized_pop(buffer)
 
     def __iter__(self):
-        """
-        Randomly pop buffered items from `self.data`.
-        Multiple dataloader workers sharing this dataset will generate identical item sequences.
+        """Randomly pop buffered items from ``self.data``.
+
+        MONAI ``IterableDataset`` sources retain their existing worker
+        partition; other sources are partitioned after shuffling.
+
+        Yields:
+            Items from the shuffled source after applying the optional transform.
         """
         self.seed += 1
         super().set_random_state(seed=self.seed)  # make all workers in sync
         for _ in range(self.epochs) if self.epochs >= 0 else iter(int, 1):
-            yield from IterableDataset(self.generate_item(), transform=self.transform)
+            if isinstance(self.data, IterableDataset):
+                # MONAI IterableDataset subclasses already partition their source per worker.
+                for item in self.generate_item():
+                    if self.transform is not None:
+                        item = apply_transform(self.transform, item)
+                    yield item
+            else:
+                yield from IterableDataset(self.generate_item(), transform=self.transform)
 
     def randomize(self, size: int) -> None:
         self._idx = self.R.randint(size)
diff --git a/tests/data/test_shuffle_buffer.py b/tests/data/test_shuffle_buffer.py
index 274121ec77..6ecc0efc43 100644
--- a/tests/data/test_shuffle_buffer.py
+++ b/tests/data/test_shuffle_buffer.py
@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 
 import sys
 import unittest
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from monai.data import DataLoader, ShuffleBuffer
+from monai.data import DataLoader, IterableDataset, ShuffleBuffer
 from monai.utils import convert_data_type
 
 
@@ -37,6 +39,18 @@ def test_shape(self):
             np.testing.assert_allclose(output, [[2, 3], [1, 4]], err_msg=f"seed {buffer.seed}")
             np.testing.assert_allclose(output2, [[1, 4], [2, 3]], err_msg=f"seed {buffer.seed}")
 
+    def test_iterable_dataset_is_not_sharded_twice(self):
+        """Verify a MONAI iterable source is partitioned exactly once."""
+        worker_info = SimpleNamespace(num_workers=2, id=0)
+        source = IterableDataset(range(40))
+        buffer = ShuffleBuffer(source, transform=lambda item: item + 40, buffer_size=8, seed=7)
+
+        with patch("monai.data.iterable_dataset.get_worker_info", return_value=worker_info):
+            output = list(buffer)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(output), 20)
+        self.assertEqual(set(output), set(range(40, 80, 2)))
+
     def test_epochs(self):
         buffer = ShuffleBuffer([1, 2, 3, 4], seed=0, epochs=2)
         output = [convert_data_type(x, np.ndarray)[0] for x in DataLoader(dataset=buffer, batch_size=2)]