Support querying system tables in paimon-cpp

[suxiaogang223]

According to the official Paimon docs, system tables are first-class query interfaces for table metadata, changelog analysis, and catalog-wide observability:
https://paimon.apache.org/docs/master/concepts/system-tables/

paimon-cpp currently lacks system table query support.
This request is to add system table query support in paimon-cpp, including:

• Data system tables (for example):
  snapshots, schemas, options, audit_log, binlog, ro, files, tags, branches, consumers, manifests, aggregation_fields, partitions, buckets, statistics, table_indexes
• Global system tables under sys (for example):
  tables, partitions, all_table_options, catalog_options

Expected outcome:

• Users can query system tables in C++ environments with behavior aligned to Paimon documentation.
• Core changelog observability use cases (including audit_log and binlog) are covered.
• Metadata and global catalog inspection via system tables are available in paimon-cpp.