[CI][C++] We can't use the simdjson package in Alpine Linux

[kou]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

The simdjson package in Alpine Linux has a problem in its CMake package: https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/work_items/18353

We can use libsimdjson.a but can't use libsimdjson.so.

We can use libsimdjson.a but we can't use it with our .so because libsimdjson.a isn't built with -fPIC:

https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/29871041625/job/88770995837?pr=50583#step:6:3619

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libsimdjson.a(simdjson.cpp.o): warning: relocation against `_ZSt7nothrow' in read-only section `.text._ZN8simdjson7haswell25dom_parser_implementation12set_capacityEm[_ZN8simdjson7haswell25dom_parser_implementation12set_capacityEm]'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libsimdjson.a(simdjson.cpp.o): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against symbol `_ZSt7nothrow' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value

Component(s)

C++, Continuous Integration

[kou]

Issue resolved by pull request 50586
#50586