diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
index 1e91f6248788..04d974f641ec 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
         run: archery docker push ubuntu-ruby
 
   macos:
-    name: ARM64 macOS 14 GLib & Ruby
+    name: ARM64 macOS GLib & Ruby
     runs-on: macos-latest
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'WIP') }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
diff --git a/ruby/Rakefile b/ruby/Rakefile
index 7f26773403a6..6ff20915bcfb 100644
--- a/ruby/Rakefile
+++ b/ruby/Rakefile
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ end
 
 packages.each do |package|
   namespace package do
+    package_dir = File.join(base_dir, package)
+
     desc "Run test for #{package}"
     task :test do
-      cd(File.join(base_dir, package)) do
+      cd(package_dir) do
         if ENV["USE_BUNDLER"]
           sh("bundle", "exec", "rake", "test")
         else
@@ -46,9 +48,22 @@ packages.each do |package|
       end
     end
 
+    desc "Run benchmark for #{package}"
+    task :benchmark do
+      cd(package_dir) do
+        if File.directory?("benchmark")
+          if ENV["USE_BUNDLER"]
+            sh("bundle", "exec", "rake", "benchmark")
+          else
+            ruby("-S", "rake", "benchmark")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     desc "Install #{package}"
     task :install do
-      cd(File.join(base_dir, package)) do
+      cd(package_dir) do
         if ENV["USE_BUNDLER"]
           sh("bundle", "exec", "rake", "install")
         else
@@ -70,6 +85,9 @@ end
 desc "Run test for all packages"
 task test: sorted_packages.collect {|package| "#{package}:test"}
 
+desc "Run benchmark for all packages"
+task benchmark: sorted_packages.collect {|package| "#{package}:benchmark"}
+
 desc "Install all packages"
 task install: sorted_packages.collect {|package| "#{package}:install"}
 
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/Gemfile b/ruby/red-arrow-format/Gemfile
index 2307252d9e60..296a7b44358f 100644
--- a/ruby/red-arrow-format/Gemfile
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/Gemfile
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ source "https://rubygems.org/"
 
 gemspec
 
-gem "rake"
 gem "red-arrow", path: "../red-arrow"
-gem "test-unit"
+
+group :development do
+  gem "benchmark-driver"
+  gem "rake"
+  gem "test-unit"
+end
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/Rakefile b/ruby/red-arrow-format/Rakefile
index f50f18f3b828..3671f35d6e32 100644
--- a/ruby/red-arrow-format/Rakefile
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/Rakefile
@@ -39,6 +39,28 @@ task :test do
   end
 end
 
+benchmark_tasks = []
+namespace :benchmark do
+  Dir.glob("benchmark/*.yaml").sort.each do |yaml|
+    name = File.basename(yaml, ".*")
+    command_line = [
+      RbConfig.ruby, "-v", "-S", "benchmark-driver", File.expand_path(yaml),
+    ]
+
+    desc "Run #{name} benchmark"
+    task name do
+      puts("```console")
+      puts("$ #{command_line.join(" ")}")
+      sh(*command_line, verbose: false)
+      puts("```")
+    end
+    benchmark_tasks << "benchmark:#{name}"
+  end
+end
+
+desc "Run all benchmarks"
+task :benchmark => benchmark_tasks
+
 namespace :flat_buffers do
   desc "Generate FlatBuffers code"
   task :generate do
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/file-reader.yaml b/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/file-reader.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25e8c73ef1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/file-reader.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+prelude: |
+  Warning[:experimental] = false
+
+  require "arrow"
+  require "arrow-format"
+
+  seed = 29
+  random = Random.new(seed)
+
+  n_columns = 100
+  n_rows = 10000
+  max_uint32 = 2 ** 32 - 1
+  arrays = n_columns.times.collect do |i|
+    if i.even?
+      Arrow::UInt32Array.new(n_rows.times.collect {random.rand(max_uint32)})
+    else
+      Arrow::BinaryArray.new(n_rows.times.collect {random.bytes(random.rand(10))})
+    end
+  end
+  table = Arrow::Table.new(arrays.collect.with_index {|array, i| [i, array]})
+  buffer = Arrow::ResizableBuffer.new(4096)
+  table.save(buffer, format: :arrow_file)
+
+  GC.start
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  "Arrow::Table.load": |
+    Arrow::Table.load(buffer, format: :arrow_file)
+  "Arrow::RecordBatchFileReader": |
+    Arrow::BufferInputStream.open(buffer) do |input|
+      Arrow::RecordBatchFileReader.new(input).each do
+      end
+    end
+  "ArrowFormat::FileReader": |
+    ArrowFormat::FileReader.new(buffer.data.to_s).each do
+    end
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/streaming-reader.yaml b/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/streaming-reader.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1b383395b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/benchmark/streaming-reader.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+prelude: |
+  Warning[:experimental] = false
+
+  require "arrow"
+  require "arrow-format"
+
+  seed = 29
+  random = Random.new(seed)
+
+  n_columns = 100
+  n_rows = 10000
+  max_uint32 = 2 ** 32 - 1
+  arrays = n_columns.times.collect do |i|
+    if i.even?
+      Arrow::UInt32Array.new(n_rows.times.collect {random.rand(max_uint32)})
+    else
+      Arrow::BinaryArray.new(n_rows.times.collect {random.bytes(random.rand(10))})
+    end
+  end
+  table = Arrow::Table.new(arrays.collect.with_index {|array, i| [i, array]})
+  buffer = Arrow::ResizableBuffer.new(4096)
+  table.save(buffer, format: :arrow_streaming)
+
+  GC.start
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  "Arrow::Table.load": |
+    Arrow::Table.load(buffer, format: :arrow_streaming)
+  "Arrow::RecordBatchStreamReader": |
+    Arrow::BufferInputStream.open(buffer) do |input|
+      Arrow::RecordBatchStreamReader.new(input).each do
+      end
+    end
+  "ArrowFormat::StreamingReader": |
+    ArrowFormat::StreamingReader.new(buffer.data.to_s).each do
+    end
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/lib/arrow-format/streaming-reader.rb b/ruby/red-arrow-format/lib/arrow-format/streaming-reader.rb
index f81cfe8913a4..1a9f71ac9cb4 100644
--- a/ruby/red-arrow-format/lib/arrow-format/streaming-reader.rb
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/lib/arrow-format/streaming-reader.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,17 @@ class StreamingReader
     include Enumerable
 
     def initialize(input)
-      @input = input
+      case input
+      when File
+        @input = IO::Buffer.map(input, nil, 0, IO::Buffer::READONLY)
+        @offset = 0
+      when String
+        @input = IO::Buffer.for(input)
+        @offset = 0
+      else
+        @input = input
+      end
+
       @on_read = nil
       @pull_reader = StreamingPullReader.new do |record_batch|
         @on_read.call(record_batch) if @on_read
@@ -53,11 +63,18 @@ def consume
       next_size = @pull_reader.next_required_size
       return false if next_size.zero?
 
-      next_chunk = @input.read(next_size, @buffer)
-      return false if next_chunk.nil?
+      if @input.is_a?(IO::Buffer)
+        next_chunk = @input.slice(@offset, next_size)
+        @offset += next_size
+        @pull_reader.consume(next_chunk)
+        true
+      else
+        next_chunk = @input.read(next_size, @buffer)
+        return false if next_chunk.nil?
 
-      @pull_reader.consume(IO::Buffer.for(next_chunk))
-      true
+        @pull_reader.consume(IO::Buffer.for(next_chunk))
+        true
+      end
     end
 
     def ensure_schema
diff --git a/ruby/red-arrow-format/test/test-reader.rb b/ruby/red-arrow-format/test/test-reader.rb
index d59a93ce184b..c1c6b2628863 100644
--- a/ruby/red-arrow-format/test/test-reader.rb
+++ b/ruby/red-arrow-format/test/test-reader.rb
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ def roundtrip(data)
       else
         table = data
       end
-      path = File.join(tmp_dir, "data.#{file_extension}")
-      table.save(path)
-      File.open(path, "rb") do |input|
+      open_input(table, tmp_dir) do |input|
         reader = reader_class.new(input)
         case data
         when Arrow::Array
@@ -677,8 +675,42 @@ def test_dictionary
   end
 end
 
-class TestFileReader < Test::Unit::TestCase
+module FileInput
+  def open_input(table, tmp_dir, &block)
+    path = File.join(tmp_dir, "data.#{file_extension}")
+    table.save(path)
+    File.open(path, "rb", &block)
+  end
+end
+
+module PipeInput
+  def open_input(table, tmp_dir, &block)
+    buffer = Arrow::ResizableBuffer.new(4096)
+    table.save(buffer, format: format)
+    IO.pipe do |input, output|
+      write_thread = Thread.new do
+        output.write(buffer.data.to_s)
+      end
+      begin
+        yield(input)
+      ensure
+        write_thread.join
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module StringInput
+  def open_input(table, tmp_dir)
+    buffer = Arrow::ResizableBuffer.new(4096)
+    table.save(buffer, format: format)
+    yield(buffer.data.to_s)
+  end
+end
+
+class TestFileReaderFileInput < Test::Unit::TestCase
   include ReaderTests
+  include FileInput
 
   def file_extension
     "arrow"
@@ -689,8 +721,22 @@ def reader_class
   end
 end
 
-class TestStreamingReader < Test::Unit::TestCase
+class TestFileReaderStringInput < Test::Unit::TestCase
   include ReaderTests
+  include StringInput
+
+  def format
+    :arrow_file
+  end
+
+  def reader_class
+    ArrowFormat::FileReader
+  end
+end
+
+class TestStreamingReaderFileInupt < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include ReaderTests
+  include FileInput
 
   def file_extension
     "arrows"
@@ -700,3 +746,29 @@ def reader_class
     ArrowFormat::StreamingReader
   end
 end
+
+class TestStreamingReaderPipeInupt < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include ReaderTests
+  include PipeInput
+
+  def format
+    :arrow_streaming
+  end
+
+  def reader_class
+    ArrowFormat::StreamingReader
+  end
+end
+
+class TestStreamingReaderStringInupt < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include ReaderTests
+  include StringInput
+
+  def format
+    :arrow_streaming
+  end
+
+  def reader_class
+    ArrowFormat::StreamingReader
+  end
+end