diff --git a/.env b/.env
index 6051a433873..3b32979e889 100644
--- a/.env
+++ b/.env
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@ VCPKG="9b965a116838c6cdcd36bca60d1b81b030c8ab8d"    # 2026.05.27 (not release, u
 # ci/docker/python-*-windows-*.dockerfile or the vcpkg config.
 # This is a workaround for our CI problem that "archery docker build" doesn't
 # use pulled built images in dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.windows.yml.
-PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_IMAGE_REVISION=2026-07-13
-PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_TEST_IMAGE_REVISION=2026-07-13
+PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_IMAGE_REVISION=2026-07-21
+PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_TEST_IMAGE_REVISION=2026-07-21
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-free-threaded-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-free-threaded-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
index 98295c91d0b..7c9b9f764a4 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-free-threaded-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-free-threaded-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ FROM ${base}
 ARG python=3.14
 
 # hadolint ignore=SC1072
-RUN (if "%python%"=="3.14" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.14.5")
+RUN (if "%python%"=="3.14" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.14.5") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.15" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.15.0b4")
 
 SHELL ["powershell", "-NoProfile", "-Command", "$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'; $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue';"]
 RUN $version = $env:PYTHON_VERSION; \
diff --git a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
index fcb65ba2314..9ab1acc25ee 100644
--- a/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ ARG python=3.11
 RUN (if "%python%"=="3.11" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.11.9" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.11") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.12" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.12.10" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.12") & \
     (if "%python%"=="3.13" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.13.14" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.13") & \
-    (if "%python%"=="3.14" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.14.6" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.14")
+    (if "%python%"=="3.14" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.14.6" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.14") & \
+    (if "%python%"=="3.15" setx PYTHON_VERSION "3.15.0b4" && setx PYTHON_CMD "py -3.15")
 
 # hadolint ignore=DL3059
 RUN choco install -r -y --pre --no-progress --force python --version=%PYTHON_VERSION%
diff --git a/ci/scripts/install_python.sh b/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
index f6502b1be8c..d87f5e4d7f2 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/install_python.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ versions=([3.11]=3.11.9
           [3.12]=3.12.10
           [3.13]=3.13.14
           [3.14]=3.14.6
-          [3.14t]=3.14.6)
+          [3.14t]=3.14.6
+          [3.15]=3.15.0b4
+          [3.15t]=3.15.0b4)
 
 if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
   echo "Usage: $0 <platform> <version>"
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ EOF
     rm "$fname"
 
     python="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/${version}/bin/python${version}"
-    if [[ $2 == "3.14t" ]]; then
+    if [[ $2 == "3.14t" ]] || [[ $2 == "3.15t" ]]; then
         base_version="${version%t}"
         python="/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/${base_version}/bin/python${base_version}t"
     fi
diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test.sh b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test.sh
index cb445611e23..14fccc05a78 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_wheel_unix_test.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ export PYARROW_TEST_GANDIVA=OFF
 export PYARROW_TEST_GCS=${ARROW_GCS}
 export PYARROW_TEST_HDFS=ON
 export PYARROW_TEST_ORC=ON
-export PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS=ON
+# TODO: To be removed once pandas provides wheels for Python 3.15
+if python -c "import sys; sys.exit(0 if sys.version_info < (3, 15) else 1)"; then
+  export PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS=ON
+else
+  export PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS=OFF
+fi
 export PYARROW_TEST_PARQUET=ON
 export PYARROW_TEST_PARQUET_ENCRYPTION=ON
 export PYARROW_TEST_SUBSTRAIT=${ARROW_SUBSTRAIT}
diff --git a/compose.yaml b/compose.yaml
index 6809d6994b6..318627b6c25 100644
--- a/compose.yaml
+++ b/compose.yaml
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ services:
       args:
         arch: ${ARCH}
         arch_short: ${ARCH_SHORT}
-        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2026.05.31-3
+        base: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2026.07.19-1
         manylinux: 2_28
         python: ${PYTHON}
         python_abi_tag: ${PYTHON_ABI_TAG}
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ services:
       args:
         arch: ${ARCH}
         arch_short: ${ARCH_SHORT}
-        base: quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2026.05.31-3
+        base: quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_${ARCH_ALIAS}:2026.07.19-1
         musllinux: 1_2
         python: ${PYTHON}
         python_abi_tag: ${PYTHON_ABI_TAG}
diff --git a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
index a060901ea4b..59dbe102e7b 100755
--- a/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
+++ b/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh
@@ -898,11 +898,11 @@ test_macos_wheels() {
 
   # apple silicon processor
   if [ "$(uname -m)" = "arm64" ]; then
-    local python_versions="3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14"
+    local python_versions="3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15"
     local platform_tags="macosx_12_0_arm64"
     local check_flight=OFF
   else
-    local python_versions="3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14"
+    local python_versions="3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15"
     local platform_tags="macosx_12_0_x86_64"
   fi
 
diff --git a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
index e9e36566ba8..23170149be3 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       {% endif %}
       PYTHON: "{{ python_version }}"
       PYTHON_ABI_TAG: "{{ python_abi_tag }}"
-      PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG: "{{ python_version }}"
+      PYTHON_IMAGE_TAG: "{{ python_image_tag }}"
 
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index 89d239a0a26..b9c71b8e2f7 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -138,11 +138,13 @@ tasks:
 
   ########################### Python Wheels ############################
 
-{% for python_version, python_tag, abi_tag in [("3.11", "cp311", "cp311"),
-                                               ("3.12", "cp312", "cp312"),
-                                               ("3.13", "cp313", "cp313"),
-                                               ("3.14", "cp314", "cp314"),
-                                               ("3.14", "cp314", "cp314t")] %}
+{% for python_version, python_image_tag, python_tag, abi_tag in [("3.11", "3.11", "cp311", "cp311"),
+                                               ("3.12", "3.12", "cp312", "cp312"),
+                                               ("3.13", "3.13", "cp313", "cp313"),
+                                               ("3.14", "3.14", "cp314", "cp314"),
+                                               ("3.14", "3.14", "cp314", "cp314t"),
+                                               ("3.15", "3.15.0b4", "cp315", "cp315"),
+                                               ("3.15", "3.15.0b4", "cp315", "cp315t")] %}
 
 {############################## Wheel Linux ##################################}
 
@@ -159,6 +161,7 @@ tasks:
       linux_wheel_version: "{{ version }}"
       python_abi_tag: "{{ abi_tag }}"
       python_version: "{{ python_version }}"
+      python_image_tag: "{{ python_image_tag }}"
       wheel_platform_tag: "{{ platform_tag }}"
     artifacts:
       - pyarrow-{no_rc_version}-{{ python_tag }}-{{ abi_tag }}-{{ platform_tag }}.whl
@@ -495,7 +498,7 @@ tasks:
         UBUNTU: 22.04
       image: ubuntu-cpp-emscripten
 
-{% for python_version in ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"] %}
+{% for python_version in ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"] %}
   test-conda-python-{{ python_version }}:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
diff --git a/python/pyproject.toml b/python/pyproject.toml
index ab6f2e6061c..55218849d25 100644
--- a/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@
 requires = [
     "scikit-build-core >= 1.0",
     "cython >= 3.1",
-    # Needed for build-time stub docstring extraction
-    "libcst>=1.8.6",
+    # Needed for build-time stub docstring extraction.
+    # GH-50575: no libcst wheels for Python 3.15 yet and the source build
+    # requires a PyO3 version that doesn't support 3.15. Stub docstring
+    # extraction is currently disabled anyway (GH-49831), so skip it there.
+    "libcst>=1.8.6; python_version < '3.15'",
     "numpy>=1.25",
     "setuptools_scm[toml]>=8",
 ]
@@ -42,6 +45,7 @@ classifiers  = [
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14',
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta',
 ]
 maintainers = [
diff --git a/python/requirements-build.txt b/python/requirements-build.txt
index 2ed711613b4..7f35cdaa6b5 100644
--- a/python/requirements-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-build.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build
 cython>=3.1
-libcst>=1.8.6
+libcst>=1.8.6; python_version < "3.15"
 numpy>=1.25
 scikit-build-core>=1.0
 setuptools_scm>=8
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
index 3d1d1c9b8db..9f06316f26a 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-build.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 build
 cython>=3.1
-# Needed for build-time stub docstring extraction
-libcst>=1.8.6
+# Needed for build-time stub docstring extraction.
+# GH-50575: no libcst wheels for Python 3.15 yet and the source build requires
+# a PyO3 version that doesn't support 3.15. Stub docstring extraction is
+# currently disabled anyway (GH-49831), so skip it there.
+libcst>=1.8.6; python_version < "3.15"
 numpy>=2.0.0
 scikit-build-core>=1.0
 setuptools_scm
diff --git a/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt b/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
index fb259db5798..cf40769aaae 100644
--- a/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
+++ b/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
@@ -18,4 +18,5 @@ numpy~=1.26.0; python_version == "3.12"
 numpy~=2.1.0; python_version == "3.13"
 numpy~=2.3.3; python_version >= "3.14"
 
-pandas
+# TODO: To be removed once pandas provides wheels for Python 3.15
+pandas; python_version < "3.15"