diff --git a/src/OpenApi/Factory/OpenApiFactory.php b/src/OpenApi/Factory/OpenApiFactory.php
index cc9fc432eb..6273ea8ba5 100644
--- a/src/OpenApi/Factory/OpenApiFactory.php
+++ b/src/OpenApi/Factory/OpenApiFactory.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\CollectionOperationInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Error;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ErrorResource;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\OperationNotFoundException;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\ProblemExceptionInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\ResourceClassNotFoundException;
@@ -946,6 +947,10 @@ private function appendSchemaDefinitions(\ArrayObject $schemas, \ArrayObject $de
     private function hasParameter(Operation $operation, Parameter $parameter): ?array
     {
         foreach ($operation->getParameters() as $key => $existingParameter) {
+            if (!$existingParameter instanceof Parameter) {
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException(\sprintf('OpenAPI operation parameters must be instances of "%s", "%s" given.', Parameter::class, get_debug_type($existingParameter)));
+            }
+
             if ($existingParameter->getName() === $parameter->getName() && $existingParameter->getIn() === $parameter->getIn()) {
                 return [$key, $existingParameter];
             }
diff --git a/src/OpenApi/Tests/Factory/OpenApiFactoryTest.php b/src/OpenApi/Tests/Factory/OpenApiFactoryTest.php
index c956e10808..89463d4fc6 100644
--- a/src/OpenApi/Tests/Factory/OpenApiFactoryTest.php
+++ b/src/OpenApi/Tests/Factory/OpenApiFactoryTest.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Delete;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Error as ErrorOperation;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ErrorResource;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Get;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\GetCollection;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\HeaderParameter;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Property\Factory\PropertyNameCollectionFactoryInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Property\PropertyNameCollection;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Put;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\QueryParameter;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Resource\Factory\ResourceMetadataCollectionFactoryInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Resource\Factory\ResourceNameCollectionFactoryInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Resource\ResourceMetadataCollection;
@@ -1438,4 +1440,62 @@ public function testGetExtensionPropertiesWithFalseValue(): void
 
         $openApi = $factory->__invoke();
     }
+
+    public function testMetadataParameterInOpenApiOperationParametersThrows(): void
+    {
+        $resourceNameCollectionFactory = $this->createMock(ResourceNameCollectionFactoryInterface::class);
+        $resourceCollectionMetadataFactory = $this->createMock(ResourceMetadataCollectionFactoryInterface::class);
+        $propertyNameCollectionFactory = $this->createMock(PropertyNameCollectionFactoryInterface::class);
+        $propertyMetadataFactory = $this->createMock(PropertyMetadataFactoryInterface::class);
+        $definitionNameFactory = new DefinitionNameFactory([]);
+
+        $resourceCollectionMetadata = new ResourceMetadataCollection(Dummy::class, [(new ApiResource(operations: [
+            (new GetCollection())
+                ->withClass(Dummy::class)
+                ->withShortName('Dummy')
+                ->withName('api_dummies_get_collection')
+                ->withUriTemplate('/dummies')
+                ->withOpenapi(new Operation(parameters: [new QueryParameter(key: 'bar')])),
+        ]))->withClass(Dummy::class)]);
+
+        $resourceCollectionMetadataFactory
+            ->method('create')
+            ->willReturnCallback(static fn (string $resourceClass): ResourceMetadataCollection => match ($resourceClass) {
+                default => new ResourceMetadataCollection($resourceClass, []),
+                Dummy::class => $resourceCollectionMetadata,
+            });
+
+        $resourceNameCollectionFactory->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('create')
+            ->willReturn(new ResourceNameCollection([Dummy::class]));
+
+        $propertyNameCollectionFactory->method('create')->willReturn(new PropertyNameCollection([]));
+
+        $schemaFactory = new SchemaFactory(
+            resourceMetadataFactory: $resourceCollectionMetadataFactory,
+            propertyNameCollectionFactory: $propertyNameCollectionFactory,
+            propertyMetadataFactory: $propertyMetadataFactory,
+            nameConverter: new CamelCaseToSnakeCaseNameConverter(),
+            definitionNameFactory: $definitionNameFactory,
+        );
+
+        $factory = new OpenApiFactory(
+            $resourceNameCollectionFactory,
+            $resourceCollectionMetadataFactory,
+            $propertyNameCollectionFactory,
+            $propertyMetadataFactory,
+            $schemaFactory,
+            null,
+            [],
+            new Options('Test API', 'This is a test API.', '1.2.3'),
+            new PaginationOptions(),
+            null,
+            ['json' => ['application/problem+json']]
+        );
+
+        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage(Parameter::class);
+
+        $factory->__invoke();
+    }
 }