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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Thomas Loiret">
<meta name="description" content="How to determine if GPS coordinates are within a specific geographical zone.">
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<title>Python geofencing - Thomas Loiret - Random thoughts</title>
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<h1 itemprop="name">Python geofencing</h1>
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Thomas Loiret
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<span class="meta__date" itemprop="datePublished" content="2020-08-01">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></span> Sat 01 August 2020
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<p>This article explains how to determine if GPS coordinates are inside or outside a specific geographical zone. To do that we will use <a href="https://github.com/Toblerity/Shapely">Shapely</a>. This library makes it easy to define a zone and then check if the coordinates are inside or not.</p>
<h2>When the zone is a location</h2>
<p>Here we define the position of Big Ben in London by its GPS coordinates. Then with the value passed to <code>buffer</code> we define the radius of the zone.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">shapely.geometry</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Point</span>
<span class="n">big_ben</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.500778</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.124538</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">user_position</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.500788</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.124656</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">big_ben</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_position</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># returns True</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2>When the zone is more complex</h2>
<p>Sometimes the zone might be more complex than a circle. It can be the contour of a city for example. In that case, you can define the zone as a polygon.</p>
<p>To define the polygon correctly, the first and last coordinates must be the same. The coordinates must follow each other, as if you were walking around the zone to collect them.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">shapely.geometry</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Polygon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Point</span>
<span class="n">hyde_park_coordinates</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.509764</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.189529</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.512819</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.159570</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.504451</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.152143</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.502639</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.187329</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.509764</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.189529</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">hyde_park</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Polygon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hyde_park_coordinates</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">someone_inside</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.505278</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.159479</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">someone_outside</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">51.496443</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.176218</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">hyde_park</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">someone_inside</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># returns True</span>
<span class="n">hyde_park</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">someone_outside</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># returns False</span>
</code></pre></div>
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