diff --git a/.changeset/fix-subpath-export-collision.md b/.changeset/fix-subpath-export-collision.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8110517ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-subpath-export-collision.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers": patch
+---
+
+Fix module fallback resolving bare specifiers to wrong subpath export
+
+When a dependency has both an npm dependency and a subpath export with the same name (e.g. dependency `"some-lib"` and subpath export `"./some-lib"`), the module fallback service could resolve the bare specifier to the subpath export file instead of the actual npm package. This was particularly triggered when using pnpm, whose symlinked `node_modules` structure caused Vite's resolver to match the subpath export first. The fix uses Node's resolution algorithm for bare specifiers before falling back to Vite's resolver, correctly distinguishing between package names and subpath exports.
diff --git a/packages/vitest-pool-workers/src/pool/module-fallback.ts b/packages/vitest-pool-workers/src/pool/module-fallback.ts
index 9d939285bc..2f4f7cd72e 100644
--- a/packages/vitest-pool-workers/src/pool/module-fallback.ts
+++ b/packages/vitest-pool-workers/src/pool/module-fallback.ts
@@ -300,6 +300,159 @@ async function viteResolve(
 	return trimViteVersionHash(resolved.id);
 }
 
+// Returns `true` if `specifier` looks like a bare package specifier
+// (e.g. "some-lib", "@org/pkg", "some-lib/sub/path") as opposed to a
+// relative path (e.g. "dep.mjs", "../dep.mjs") or a built-in
+// (e.g. "node:fs", "cloudflare:sockets").
+function isBareSpecifier(specifier: string): boolean {
+	return (
+		specifier[0] !== "." && specifier[0] !== "/" && !specifier.includes(":")
+	);
+}
+
+// Find the directory containing the nearest `package.json` above `filePath`.
+function findPackageDir(filePath: string): string | undefined {
+	for (const parentPath of getParentPaths(filePath)) {
+		if (isFile(posixPath.join(parentPath, "package.json"))) {
+			return parentPath;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+// Walk up from `referrer` looking for `node_modules/<packageName>` and
+// return its directory path if found.
+function findPackageInNodeModules(
+	packageName: string,
+	referrer: string
+): string | undefined {
+	for (const parentPath of getParentPaths(referrer)) {
+		const candidate = posixPath.join(parentPath, "node_modules", packageName);
+		if (isDirectory(candidate)) {
+			return candidate;
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+// Resolves a package.json exports entry to a file path string, handling
+// nested condition objects (e.g. `{ "import": { "types": "...", "default": "..." } }`).
+function resolveExportsEntry(entry: unknown): string | undefined {
+	if (typeof entry === "string") {
+		return entry;
+	}
+	if (typeof entry === "object" && entry !== null) {
+		const conditions = entry as Record<string, unknown>;
+		// Prefer import > default > require, resolving nested objects recursively
+		for (const key of ["workerd", "worker", "browser", "import", "default", "require"]) {
+			const value = conditions[key];
+			if (typeof value === "string") {
+				return value;
+			}
+			if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) {
+				const nested = resolveExportsEntry(value);
+				if (nested !== undefined) {
+					return nested;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+// Detects and corrects the case where a bare specifier (e.g. `"some-lib"`)
+// was resolved to a file within the same package as the referrer. This
+// happens when the package has a subpath export whose name collides with
+// an npm dependency name (e.g. exports `"./some-lib"` and depends on
+// `"some-lib"`). Returns the correct package directory, or `undefined`
+// if no correction is needed.
+function maybeCorrectSubpathCollision(
+	resolvedPath: string,
+	specifier: string,
+	referrer: string
+): string | undefined {
+	const referrerPkgDir = findPackageDir(referrer);
+	const resolvedPkgDir = findPackageDir(resolvedPath);
+	if (referrerPkgDir === undefined || referrerPkgDir !== resolvedPkgDir) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	// The specifier resolved to a file in the same package as the referrer.
+	// This could be a subpath export collision (bare specifier matching a
+	// subpath export file), OR a genuine relative import (e.g. "./lodash").
+	// Since workerd strips the "./" prefix, we can't tell from the specifier
+	// alone. Verify the referrer's package actually has a subpath export
+	// that matches — if not, this isn't a collision.
+	try {
+		const referrerPkgJson = JSON.parse(
+			fs.readFileSync(posixPath.join(referrerPkgDir, "package.json"), "utf8")
+		);
+		const referrerExports = referrerPkgJson.exports;
+		if (
+			typeof referrerExports !== "object" ||
+			referrerExports === null ||
+			referrerExports["./" + specifier] === undefined
+		) {
+			// No matching subpath export in the referrer's package — not a collision.
+			return undefined;
+		}
+	} catch {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	// The referrer's package has a subpath export that collides with this
+	// specifier. Look for the actual npm package in node_modules.
+	const packageName = specifier.startsWith("@")
+		? specifier.split("/").slice(0, 2).join("/")
+		: specifier.split("/")[0];
+	const pkgDir = findPackageInNodeModules(packageName, referrer);
+	if (pkgDir === undefined || pkgDir === referrerPkgDir) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	// Found the actual npm package. Resolve its entry point by reading
+	// its package.json exports/main field.
+	try {
+		const pkgJsonPath = posixPath.join(pkgDir, "package.json");
+		const pkgJson = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(pkgJsonPath, "utf8"));
+		// Try exports map first (handles ESM packages with "exports" field)
+		const subpath = "." + specifier.slice(packageName.length);
+		const exports = pkgJson.exports;
+		if (exports) {
+			let entry: unknown;
+			if (typeof exports === "string") {
+				// "exports": "./index.js"
+				entry = subpath === "." ? exports : undefined;
+			} else if (exports[subpath] !== undefined) {
+				// "exports": { ".": ..., "./sub": ... }
+				entry = exports[subpath];
+			} else if (subpath === "." && exports["."] === undefined) {
+				// Top-level condition keys: "exports": { "import": "...", "default": "..." }
+				// (no "." subpath key, keys are conditions not subpaths)
+				const hasSubpathKeys = Object.keys(exports).some((k: string) =>
+					k.startsWith(".")
+				);
+				if (!hasSubpathKeys) {
+					entry = exports;
+				}
+			}
+			const entryPath = resolveExportsEntry(entry);
+			if (typeof entryPath === "string") {
+				const resolved = posixPath.join(pkgDir, entryPath);
+				if (isFile(resolved)) {
+					return resolved;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Fall back to main/module fields (only when no exports field)
+		if (!exports) {
+			const main = pkgJson.module ?? pkgJson.main ?? "index.js";
+			const resolved = posixPath.join(pkgDir, main);
+			return maybeGetTargetFilePath(resolved) ?? resolved;
+		}
+		return undefined;
+	} catch {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+}
+
 type ResolveMethod = "import" | "require";
 async function resolve(
 	vite: Vite.ViteDevServer,
@@ -313,6 +466,22 @@ async function resolve(
 	const isRequire = method === "require";
 	let filePath = maybeGetTargetFilePath(target, isRequire);
 	if (filePath !== undefined) {
+		// When workerd joins a bare specifier with the referrer's directory,
+		// it may accidentally match a file in the same package (e.g. a subpath
+		// export file with the same name as an npm dependency). If the specifier
+		// is a bare package name and the resolved file is in the same package
+		// as the referrer, prefer Node's resolution which correctly
+		// distinguishes package names from subpath exports.
+		if (isBareSpecifier(specifier)) {
+			const nodeResolved = maybeCorrectSubpathCollision(
+				filePath,
+				specifier,
+				referrer
+			);
+			if (nodeResolved !== undefined) {
+				return nodeResolved;
+			}
+		}
 		return filePath;
 	}
 
@@ -338,7 +507,21 @@ async function resolve(
 		return filePath;
 	}
 
-	return viteResolve(vite, specifier, referrer, method === "require");
+	filePath = await viteResolve(vite, specifier, referrer, method === "require");
+
+	// Also check the Vite-resolved path for the same subpath export collision.
+	if (isBareSpecifier(specifier)) {
+		const nodeResolved = maybeCorrectSubpathCollision(
+			filePath,
+			specifier,
+			referrer
+		);
+		if (nodeResolved !== undefined) {
+			return nodeResolved;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filePath;
 }
 
 function buildRedirectResponse(filePath: string) {
diff --git a/packages/vitest-pool-workers/test/module-fallback.test.ts b/packages/vitest-pool-workers/test/module-fallback.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b9aebb5b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vitest-pool-workers/test/module-fallback.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import path from "node:path";
+import dedent from "ts-dedent";
+import { test } from "./helpers";
+
+test("resolves bare specifier to npm package, not subpath export with same name", async ({
+	expect,
+	tmpPath,
+	seed,
+	vitestRun,
+}) => {
+	// Regression test: when a package has both a dependency on "some-lib" and
+	// a subpath export "./some-lib", the module fallback should resolve the
+	// bare specifier "some-lib" to the npm package, not the subpath export.
+	// This bug is triggered by pnpm's symlinked node_modules layout.
+
+	// 1. Seed the pnpm store with the actual package files
+	const store = "node_modules/.pnpm";
+	const adapterStore = `${store}/my-adapter@1.0.0/node_modules/my-adapter`;
+	const someLibInAdapterNm = `${store}/my-adapter@1.0.0/node_modules/some-lib`;
+	const someLibStore = `${store}/some-lib@1.0.0/node_modules/some-lib`;
+	await seed({
+		"vitest.config.mts": dedent`
+				import { defineWorkersConfig } from "@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers/config";
+				export default defineWorkersConfig({
+					test: {
+						poolOptions: {
+							workers: {
+								singleWorker: true,
+								miniflare: {
+									compatibilityDate: "2024-01-01",
+									compatibilityFlags: ["nodejs_compat"],
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				});
+			`,
+		// some-lib in the pnpm store
+		[`${someLibStore}/package.json`]: JSON.stringify({
+			name: "some-lib",
+			version: "1.0.0",
+			type: "module",
+			exports: { ".": { import: "./index.js" } },
+		}),
+		[`${someLibStore}/index.js`]: dedent`
+				export function createApp() {
+					return { name: "some-lib-app" };
+				}
+			`,
+		// my-adapter in the pnpm store — has both:
+		//   - a dependency on "some-lib" (bare specifier in dist/index.js)
+		//   - a subpath export "./some-lib" (dist/some-lib.js)
+		[`${adapterStore}/package.json`]: JSON.stringify({
+			name: "my-adapter",
+			version: "1.0.0",
+			type: "module",
+			exports: {
+				".": { import: "./dist/index.js" },
+				"./some-lib": { import: "./dist/some-lib.js" },
+			},
+			dependencies: { "some-lib": "1.0.0" },
+		}),
+		[`${adapterStore}/dist/index.js`]: dedent`
+				import { createApp } from "some-lib";
+				export class MyAdapter {
+					app = createApp();
+					find() { return []; }
+				}
+			`,
+		[`${adapterStore}/dist/some-lib.js`]: dedent`
+				export function createCompatAdapter() {
+					return { compat: true };
+				}
+			`,
+		"index.test.ts": dedent`
+				import { it, expect } from "vitest";
+				import { MyAdapter } from "my-adapter";
+				it("resolves bare specifier to npm package", () => {
+					const adapter = new MyAdapter();
+					expect(adapter.app).toEqual({ name: "some-lib-app" });
+				});
+			`,
+	});
+
+	// 2. Create pnpm-style symlinks
+	const nm = path.join(tmpPath, "node_modules");
+
+	// Top-level node_modules/my-adapter → store path (real package)
+	await fs.symlink(
+		path.join(tmpPath, adapterStore),
+		path.join(nm, "my-adapter")
+	);
+	// Top-level node_modules/some-lib → store path (real package)
+	await fs.symlink(path.join(tmpPath, someLibStore), path.join(nm, "some-lib"));
+	// some-lib accessible from my-adapter's store node_modules
+	// (pnpm hoists deps into the package's own node_modules in the store)
+	await fs.symlink(
+		path.join(tmpPath, someLibStore),
+		path.join(tmpPath, someLibInAdapterNm)
+	);
+
+	const result = await vitestRun();
+	expect(await result.exitCode).toBe(0);
+});