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- Describe what an interactive system is
- Outline how interactive systems can be used for experimental research
- Identify the new opportunities that interactive systems provide for experimental studies
- Describe how an interactive system is designed
- Investigate social science concepts in terms of design-based approaches
- Humans can interact with computers
- Interactive systems are developed using programming languages and often have a graphical user interface
- Interactive systems in this book
- Research apparatus: experimental studies
- Object of research: constructive research
Prototypes are simple manifestations that demonstrate ideas. They alllow testing interactive system ideas before they are developed into full-fledged interactive systems, in order of fidelity:
- Scenarios and fiction
- Storyboards and comic strips
- Mock-ups and sketches
- Wizard of Oz
- Functional prototypes
Experiments allow developing stronger claims than that can be tested through observational studies alone. They usually allow researchers to control what people see and can do.
- Extended samples: Online services, survey experiments
- Extended control and reality:Virtual reality, robots
- Interactive systems can be collaborative, enabling group-based experiments or designs which have social interaction.
- Opportunities to fake social interaction.
- Online experiments can be in-the-wild, take place in peoples living experiences, not only within the boundaries of laboratory settings.
- Better access to participants via crowdsourcing platforms, which allow larger sample sizes but may produce additional challenges as well.
- Pair or group discussion: Exercise 7.1
- Class discussion: Exercise 7.2
- Class discussion: Exercise 7.3
- Design is an activity where different ways of solving a problem are explored.
- Design narrows down a wider design space to some set of ideas to experiment on.
- Often design is future oriented, which is not a traditional social science approach.
Double-diamond describes the design process as divergence-converge pairs on identifying the problem and the solution.
Design thinking is a process of focusing on users' needs and wants in the design process:
- understand what users need and want and identify the challenges
- formulate what constitutes the core problem
- engage in ideation to generate various potential solutions
- develop prototypes that make potential solutions more concrete
- test the solutions with users, to understand how they work and converge at the best solution
- The design process in organising one’s thinking
- Prototypes force to reformulate ones ideas and express them in a different form
- Examining potential futures
- Peek into the future to examine how it might be like
- Research products and speculative design approach
- Involving the participants in design
- Those involved in participatory design work can ‘open up’ and discuss reasons for particular design rationales
- What is an interactive system?
- What is a prototype?
- What benefits do interactive systems provide for experimental research?
- How does one design an interactive system?
- What are the three ways design could aid in social science research?