diff --git a/hls4ml/model/optimizer/passes/bit_exact.py b/hls4ml/model/optimizer/passes/bit_exact.py
index 88dc65c806..5f04dc2b5b 100644
--- a/hls4ml/model/optimizer/passes/bit_exact.py
+++ b/hls4ml/model/optimizer/passes/bit_exact.py
@@ -486,14 +486,46 @@ def _(layer: Conv1D | Conv2D):
     bias = _bias.data if _bias is not None else 0
     k_in, i_in, f_in = get_input_kifs(layer)[0]
     k_in, i_in, f_in = pad_arrs(layer, 0, k_in, i_in, f_in)
-    k_in, i_in, f_in = im2col(kernel.shape, k_in, i_in, f_in)
-    k_in, i_in, f_in = stride_arrs(layer, k_in, i_in, f_in)
-    kernel = kernel.reshape(-1, kernel.shape[-1])
-    qint_in = QIntervalArray.from_kif(k_in, i_in, f_in)
-    qint_out = qint_in @ kernel
-    qint_out = qint_out + bias
-    k, i, f = qint_out.to_kif()
-    return k.astype(np.int16), i, f
+
+    in_per_group = kernel.shape[-2]
+    n_chan = k_in.shape[-1]
+    if in_per_group == n_chan:
+        # Standard (non-grouped) convolution: kernel covers every input channel.
+        k_in, i_in, f_in = im2col(kernel.shape, k_in, i_in, f_in)
+        k_in, i_in, f_in = stride_arrs(layer, k_in, i_in, f_in)
+        kernel = kernel.reshape(-1, kernel.shape[-1])
+        qint_in = QIntervalArray.from_kif(k_in, i_in, f_in)
+        qint_out = qint_in @ kernel
+        qint_out = qint_out + bias
+        k, i, f = qint_out.to_kif()
+        return k.astype(np.int16), i, f
+
+    # Grouped / depthwise convolution: the kernel stores only ``in_per_group``
+    # input channels (groups = n_chan // in_per_group). Each group is an
+    # independent standard convolution over its own channel slice; process the
+    # groups separately and concatenate along the channel axis. Depthwise is the
+    # degenerate groups == n_chan (in_per_group == 1) case.
+    out_chan = kernel.shape[-1]
+    groups = n_chan // in_per_group
+    out_per_group = out_chan // groups
+    k_outs, i_outs, f_outs = [], [], []
+    for g in range(groups):
+        in_sl = slice(g * in_per_group, (g + 1) * in_per_group)
+        out_sl = slice(g * out_per_group, (g + 1) * out_per_group)
+        kernel_g = kernel[..., out_sl]
+        kg, ig, fg = im2col(kernel_g.shape, k_in[..., in_sl], i_in[..., in_sl], f_in[..., in_sl])
+        kg, ig, fg = stride_arrs(layer, kg, ig, fg)
+        qint_in = QIntervalArray.from_kif(kg, ig, fg)
+        qint_out = qint_in @ kernel_g.reshape(-1, out_per_group)
+        qint_out = qint_out + (bias[out_sl] if _bias is not None else 0)
+        k, i, f = qint_out.to_kif()
+        k_outs.append(k)
+        i_outs.append(i)
+        f_outs.append(f)
+    k = np.concatenate(k_outs, axis=-1).astype(np.int16)
+    i = np.concatenate(i_outs, axis=-1)
+    f = np.concatenate(f_outs, axis=-1)
+    return k, i, f
 
 
 @_produce_kif.register(Pooling1D)
diff --git a/test/pytest/test_bit_exact_grouped_conv.py b/test/pytest/test_bit_exact_grouped_conv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..527bbf1a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pytest/test_bit_exact_grouped_conv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+"""Bit-exact precision propagation through grouped / depthwise Conv1D / Conv2D.
+
+The ``produce_kif`` handler for ``Conv1D`` / ``Conv2D`` assumed a non-grouped
+kernel (``kernel.shape[-2] == n_chan``). A grouped or depthwise convolution
+stores only ``in_per_group`` input channels per filter, so the im2col buffer no
+longer lines up with the full-channel input and the bit_exact pass raised, e.g.::
+
+    ValueError: could not broadcast input array from shape (48,) into shape (3,)
+
+Each group is an independent standard convolution over its own channel slice, so
+the fix processes the groups separately and concatenates along the channel axis.
+
+Scope: this exercises the (backend-independent) bit_exact precision-propagation
+pass. The io_parallel/io_stream *codegen* for grouped convolutions is a separate
+concern, so rather than comparing a compiled prediction the test asserts the
+contract the pass must uphold: the output precision it assigns represents the
+quantized Keras output exactly (no rounding, no saturation).
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import keras
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from hls4ml.converters import convert_from_keras_model
+
+try:
+    from hgq.config import QuantizerConfigScope
+    from hgq.layers import QConv1D, QConv2D
+    from hgq.utils import trace_minmax
+except ImportError:
+    pytest.skip('HGQ2 is not installed', allow_module_level=True)
+
+from keras.layers import Input  # noqa: E402
+
+from hls4ml.model.layers import Conv1D, Conv2D  # noqa: E402
+from hls4ml.model.optimizer.passes.bit_exact import produce_kif  # noqa: E402
+
+test_root_path = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def _assert_exactly_representable(values, k, i, f):
+    """Assert every value lands exactly on the signed fixed-point grid (k, i, f).
+
+    ``k``/``i``/``f`` may be per-element arrays (broadcasting over ``values``) or
+    scalars. A value is representable when it is a multiple of 2**-f and lies in
+    the closed range [-(2**i) * k, 2**i - 2**-f]; if produce_kif under-allocated
+    any of k, i or f, the regridded value differs and the assertion fails.
+    """
+    values = values.astype(np.float64)
+    k = np.asarray(k, dtype=np.float64)
+    i = np.asarray(i, dtype=np.float64)
+    f = np.asarray(f, dtype=np.float64)
+    delta = 2.0**-f
+    lo = -(2.0**i) * k
+    hi = 2.0**i - delta
+    regridded = np.clip(np.round(values / delta) * delta, lo, hi)
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(regridded, values)
+
+
+def _result_kif(node):
+    """k, i (excluding sign), f of the precision bit_exact assigned to ``node``."""
+    precision = node.get_output_variable().type.precision
+    k = int(precision.signed)
+    f = precision.fractional
+    i = precision.integer - k
+    return k, i, f
+
+
+def _find(hls_model, cls, name):
+    return next(node for node in hls_model.graph.values() if isinstance(node, cls) and node.name == name)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('backend', ['Vivado', 'Vitis', 'oneAPI'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_chan, groups', [(16, 16), (16, 4), (16, 1)], ids=['depthwise', 'grouped', 'dense'])
+def test_bit_exact_grouped_conv1d(test_case_id, backend, n_chan, groups):
+    """A grouped / depthwise QConv1D must convert through the bit_exact flow and
+    be assigned an output precision that represents the quantized Keras output
+    exactly. The leading QConv1D inserts the FixedPointQuantizer that triggers
+    the bit_exact pass."""
+    with QuantizerConfigScope(f0=4, i0=4):
+        inp = Input((16, n_chan))
+        x = QConv1D(n_chan, 1, name='c0')(inp)
+        out = QConv1D(n_chan, 3, padding='same', groups=groups, name='cg')(x)
+        model = keras.Model(inp, out)
+
+    data = np.random.default_rng(0).standard_normal((1000, 16, n_chan)).astype(np.float32)
+    r_keras = trace_minmax(model, data, return_results=True)
+
+    precision = 'ac_fixed<2,0>' if backend == 'oneAPI' else 'ap_fixed<1,0>'
+    hls_config = {'Model': {'Precision': precision, 'ReuseFactor': 1, 'Strategy': 'latency'}}
+    output_dir = str(test_root_path / test_case_id)
+    # Conversion runs the bit_exact pass; this raised ValueError pre-fix for groups > 1.
+    hls_model = convert_from_keras_model(
+        model, backend=backend, output_dir=output_dir, hls_config=hls_config, io_type='io_parallel'
+    )
+
+    conv = _find(hls_model, Conv1D, 'cg')
+    # The single output precision bit_exact assigned must represent the true output.
+    _assert_exactly_representable(r_keras, *_result_kif(conv))
+
+    # Per-channel check (stronger: catches per-channel / group-ordering errors the
+    # max-aggregated result_t could mask). oneAPI transposes conv weights after the
+    # pass, so the channels_last produce_kif recompute is only valid for Vivado/Vitis.
+    if backend != 'oneAPI':
+        _assert_exactly_representable(r_keras, *produce_kif(conv))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('backend', ['Vivado', 'Vitis', 'oneAPI'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_chan, groups', [(4, 4), (4, 2), (4, 1)], ids=['depthwise', 'grouped', 'dense'])
+def test_bit_exact_grouped_conv2d(test_case_id, backend, n_chan, groups):
+    """2D counterpart of :func:`test_bit_exact_grouped_conv1d`."""
+    with QuantizerConfigScope(f0=4, i0=4):
+        inp = Input((8, 8, n_chan))
+        x = QConv2D(n_chan, 1, name='c0')(inp)
+        out = QConv2D(n_chan, 3, padding='same', groups=groups, name='cg')(x)
+        model = keras.Model(inp, out)
+
+    data = np.random.default_rng(1).standard_normal((500, 8, 8, n_chan)).astype(np.float32)
+    r_keras = trace_minmax(model, data, return_results=True)
+
+    precision = 'ac_fixed<2,0>' if backend == 'oneAPI' else 'ap_fixed<1,0>'
+    hls_config = {'Model': {'Precision': precision, 'ReuseFactor': 1, 'Strategy': 'latency'}}
+    output_dir = str(test_root_path / test_case_id)
+    hls_model = convert_from_keras_model(
+        model, backend=backend, output_dir=output_dir, hls_config=hls_config, io_type='io_parallel'
+    )
+
+    conv = _find(hls_model, Conv2D, 'cg')
+    _assert_exactly_representable(r_keras, *_result_kif(conv))
+    if backend != 'oneAPI':
+        _assert_exactly_representable(r_keras, *produce_kif(conv))