datatype.py

str = 'programiz'
print('str = ', str)

#first character
print('str[0] = ', str[0])

#last character
print('str[-1] = ', str[-1])

#slicing 2nd to 5th character
print('str[1:5] = ', str[1:5])

#slicing 6th to 2nd last character
print('str[5:-2] = ', str[5:-2])


count = 0
for letter in 'Hello         World':
    if(letter == ' '):
        count += 1
print(count,'letters found')


str = 'cold'

# enumerate()
list_enumerate = list(enumerate(str))
print('list(enumerate(str) = ', list_enumerate)

#character count
print('len(str) = ', len(str))


# using triple quotes
print('''He said, "What's there?"''')

# escaping single quotes
print('He said, "What\'s there?"')

# escaping double quotes
print("He said, \"What's there?\"")

print("This is printed\nin two lines")


print(r"This is \x61 \ngood example")
print(R"This is \x61 \ngood example")

# default(implicit) order
default_order = "{}, {} and {}".format('John','Bill','Sean')
print('\n--- Default Order ---')
print(default_order)

# order using positional argument
positional_order = "{1}, {0} and {2}".format('John','Bill','Sean')
print('\n--- Positional Order ---')
print(positional_order)

# order using keyword argument
keyword_order = "{s}, {b} and {j}".format(j='John',b='Bill',s='Sean')
print('\n--- Keyword Order ---')
print(keyword_order)



print("Binary representation of {1} is {1:b}".format(12,13))


print( 'Happy good   New Year'.find('ew') )



# set of mixed datatypes
my_set = {1.0, "Hello", (1, 2, 3)}
print(my_set)



# we can make set from a list
# Output: {1, 2, 3}
my_set = set([1,2,3,2])
print(my_set)