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<a href="/2020/06/10/TGONext-technology-management-team-the-end/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">TGONext - 技術管理組結業心得</a>
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<time title="Created: 2020-06-10 13:56:10" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-06-10T13:56:10+08:00">2020-06-10</time>
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<p>今年年初的時候關注到 <a href="https://www.facebook.com/tgotaiwan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TGONetworks</a> 舉辦了場 <a href="https://next.tgonetworks.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TGONext</a> 有趣的活動，該活動由台灣的高階主管聯合舉辦，針對技術領域的三大主題：技術創業、技術管理、技術架構進行經驗的傳承。</p>
<p>撇除技術領域來看的話，不管是工程師或是 PM 或是行銷人員總會面臨到，在茫茫職海中我該繼續專研專業領域，或是選擇管理職，抑或是想不開走上創業的不歸路。</p>
<p>任何一條路線皆無好壞，端看如何做選擇。本文梳理了筆者如何在三大領域中做選擇，以及這半年以來技術管理組的參與心得。</p>
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<time title="Created: 2020-03-18 17:37:17" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-03-18T17:37:17+08:00">2020-03-18</time>
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<p>前陣子參與到 <a href="https://next.tgonetworks.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TGONext</a> 技術架構組的第一次聚會，這次聚會基於高併發而延伸出了許多討論，但因時間的關係，有許多主題並未深入地聊到細節，希望藉由這篇文章能引起大家來思考架構的本質。</p>
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<a href="/2018/02/04/facebook-oauth-the-domain-of-this-url-isnt-included-in-the-apps-domain/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Facebook Oauth "這個網址的網域未包含在應用程式的網域中"</a>
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<p>最近在申請Facebook APP 給用戶做OAuth 登入時一直出現以下錯誤：</p>
<p><strong>無法載入網址: 這個網址的網域未包含在應用程式的網域中。若要載入這個網址，請在應用程式設定的「應用程式網域」欄位中新增應用程式的所有的網域及子網域。</strong></p>
<p>這是因為透過OAuth 取得使用者資訊時需要指定 callback url。</p>
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<h2 id="Dependency-Inversion-Principle"><a href="#Dependency-Inversion-Principle" class="headerlink" title="Dependency Inversion Principle"></a>Dependency Inversion Principle</h2><p><strong>Depend on abstractions not on concretions</strong></p>
<p>所有物件的相依關係需要依賴於抽象類別，例如 <code>contract</code>、<code>interface</code>、<code>abstraction</code>，而非 <code>concretion class</code>。</p>
<p>白話點來解釋，我們可以想像有一個檯燈、電視以及音響，當我們要使用這些電器的時候需要提供電量給他們運作沒錯吧？</p>
<p>所以這些裝置會有一個插頭，提供我們插電使用</p>
<p>但現在想像一下，如果沒有這個插頭的話該怎辦？</p>
<p>我們只能把這些裝置直接拉線進牆壁通電，但這一點也不方便，所以我們有了插座，把插座接上裝置的插頭就能使用了，換句話說，當你設計這些裝置的時候，你不需要去在意他怎麼收到電的，這些裝置反而是依賴某些介面，讓裝置們能直接使用電力，這才是正確的設計流程。</p>
<p>DIP 原則內有兩大重點，分別是：</p>
<ol>
<li>High level modules should not depend on low level modules.</li>
<li>Both modules should depend on abstractions.</li>
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<h2 id="Interface-Segregation-Principle"><a href="#Interface-Segregation-Principle" class="headerlink" title="Interface Segregation Principle"></a>Interface Segregation Principle</h2><p><strong>A client should not be forced to implement an interface that it doesn’t use.</strong></p>
<p>對於所有待實作的類別，不該強迫實作它不需要的方法。</p>
<p>有沒有過一種經驗，在開發時為了方便架構類別間的相依關係，把相仿類別中的部分功能抽象成 <code>interface</code>，並讓類別實作該 <code>interface</code> 內所描述的 <code>method</code>，但是往往一不注意會將越來越多的 <code>method</code> 抽象至 <code>interface</code>，可是這些多出來的動作對於其他類別並沒有實作意義，為了讓程式能順利通過所以又實作了一個空動作，長久累積下來，類別中多了一大堆沒意義的 <code>method</code>。</p>
<p>而ISP 原則便是在解決這種狀況，降低 <code>interface</code> 的耦合度並且提高內聚力。</p>
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<h2 id="Liskov-Substitution-Principle"><a href="#Liskov-Substitution-Principle" class="headerlink" title="Liskov Substitution Principle"></a>Liskov Substitution Principle</h2><p><strong>Derived classes must be substitutable for their base classes.</strong></p>
<p>對於父類別或者interface 出現的地方，都可以透過子類別或者該interface 的實作來取代，而不能破壞原有的行為</p>
<p>舉個例子來說，我們假設有一個取得所有課程的類別，而取得課程的方式可以透過Database 或者FileSystem 取得，因此我們可以將類別規劃如下：</p>
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<h2 id="Open-Closed-Principle"><a href="#Open-Closed-Principle" class="headerlink" title="Open Closed Principle"></a>Open Closed Principle</h2><p><strong>Entities should be open for extension, but closed for midification.</strong><br>軟體中的對象，例如Class、Module、Method，這些對於擴展是開放的，但是對於修改是封閉的</p>
<p>OCP 是我在軟體開發中最愛使用的一個原則</p>
<p>對工程師們來說，開發軟體最怕的不是寫程式，而是改程式。改A 壞B，修C 又壞回A 的情況比比皆是</p>
<p>程式間的耦合性過高，雖然有寫測試化程式，但誰也無法保證測試的覆蓋率可以測到所有情況</p>
<p>OCP 便是減少修改過程中的出錯率，以及增加測試妥善率的最佳方法</p>
<p>而OCP 的最高境界就是達到：</p>
<p><strong>藉由增加程式來擴充功能，而並非修改程式</strong></p>
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<p><strong>SOLID 原則 - Single Responsibility</strong></p>
<p>SOLID 代表著物件導向中，五種不同的開發原則，分別是：</p>
<ol>
<li>Single Responsibility Principle (單一職責原則)</li>
<li>Open Closed Principle (開放封閉原則)</li>
<li>Liskov Substitution Principle (里氏替換原則)</li>
<li>Interface Segregation Principle (介面隔離原則)</li>
<li>Dependency Inversion Principle (依賴反轉原則)</li>
</ol>
<p>對我來說，在開發過程中嚴守這五種原則，比起去運用某些Design Pattern 來得重要許多，但並不是說Design Pattern 不重要。</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote-center">
<p>而是Design Pattern 的實踐，有很大的部分就是讓你不違反 SOLID 原則。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="Single-Responsibility"><a href="#Single-Responsibility" class="headerlink" title="Single Responsibility"></a>Single Responsibility</h3><p><strong>A class should have one, and only one, reason to change.</strong><br>一個class 應該只做一件事</p>
<p>降低類別對於其他事物的依賴程度，便是Single Responsibility 的核心準則。</p>
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<p><em>本文撰寫時的Vue.js 版本為2.1.8</em></p>
<p><strong>Vue.js 使用HTML-based 的模板語法，允許開發者將Dom 綁定至底層的Vue instance，在讓Vue.js 再透過其本身的機制渲染網頁</strong></p>
<p>而Vue.js 數據綁定的方式有兩種，一種是修改data 屬性的方法，而另一種是實作 <code>computed function</code> ，先來介紹一下這兩種使用方法</p>
<ol>
<li><p>using data property</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> vm = <span class="keyword">new</span> Vue({</span><br><span class="line"> data: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">'message'</span>: <span class="string">'hello'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(vm.message)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// output: hello</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Using computed function</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> vm = <span class="keyword">new</span> Vue({</span><br><span class="line"> computed: {</span><br><span class="line"> message() {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">'hello'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(vm.message);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// output: hello</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
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