variables.py

#let's start with how to do comment in python then we will move to variables in this file.
#this hashtag is used for single line comment in python.

"""
Hii, this is a multi line
comment you can write as much you need under it.
comment used for explaination, todo future work and disable the code.
"""

#Now let's move to var 
"""
so Variable a memory unit like a container that hold data value.
variable_name = value
int is -1 , 2 (integers num)
float is real num  9.99 (decimal num)
use underscore _ to separate words in var name.
"""
price = 9.99
apple = 2
player_cassie = 0

#Now a char is single character (for example: b, ., &, 1, 6, T,etc.)
# the string type is a speacial type that consists of multi chars.
#it is in value side in variable usually to text.
me = 'I am learning coding'
quote = "jack of all trades, master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one!"

print(f"Price: {price}, Apple: {apple}, Player: {player_cassie}, Message: {me}, Message: {quote}")

# ── USER INPUT ──────────────────────────
# input() always returns a string by default
# to convert it to number we use int() or float()
'''
name = input("What is your name? ")
age = int(input("How old are you? "))
height = float(input("Your height in cm? "))

print(f"Hi {name}! You are {age} years old and {height}cm tall.")
'''
#input doesn't work! you need to input in  terminal or output section where it can receive input, it's a way you can put input in it.

# ── TYPE CONVERSION ──────────────────────
print("\n=== TYPE CONVERSION ===")
# changing one data type to another
num_string = "25"        # this is a string "25"
num_int = int(num_string)  # now it's integer 25
num_float = float(num_string)  # now it's float 25.0

print(f"Original: {num_string} is type {type(num_string)}")
print(f"As Integer: {num_int} is type {type(num_int)}")
print(f"As Float: {num_float} is type {type(num_float)}")

# ── BOOLEAN ──────────────────────────────
print("\n=== BOOLEAN VALUES ===")
# only two values - True or False
# used for yes/no, on/off, correct/wrong situations
is_student = True
is_working = False
has_github = True

print(f"Student: {is_student}")
print(f"Working: {is_working}")
print(f"GitHub: {has_github}")

# ── BOOLEAN COMPARISONS ──────────────────
print("\n=== BOOLEAN COMPARISONS ===")
# comparing values returns True or False
# these are called "comparison operators"
my_age = 26
print(f"My age: {my_age}")

# == means "is equal to" - checks if both sides are the same
print(f"Is my age exactly 26? {my_age == 26}")

# > means "greater than" - checks if left side is bigger
print(f"Is my age greater than 20? {my_age > 20}")

# < means "less than" - checks if left side is smaller
print(f"Is my age less than 30? {my_age < 30}")

# != means "not equal to" - checks if values are different
print(f"Am I not 20 years old? {my_age != 20}")

# 'not' operator reverses True to False, and False to True
print(f"Am I NOT a student? {not is_student}")

# You can combine comparisons with 'and', 'or'
print(f"\nAm I between 20 and 30? {my_age > 20 and my_age < 30}")
print(f"Am I either 26 or 30? {my_age == 26 or my_age == 30}")

# boolean from comparison
x = 10
y = 5
print(x > y)   # True  — because 10 is greater than 5
print(x == y)  # False — because 10 is not equal to 5
print(x != y)  # True  — because they are not equal

# ── NAMING CONVENTIONS ────────────────────
# snake_case → used for variables and functions (python standard)
player_score = 100      # ✅ correct
playerScore = 100       # ❌ this is camelCase, used in JS not Python

# UPPER_CASE → used for constants (values that never change)
MAX_SCORE = 1000
PI = 3.14159

# descriptive names always!
x = 9.99          # ❌ what is x??
product_price = 9.99  # ✅ clear and descriptive