diff --git a/lib/mcp.rb b/lib/mcp.rb
index c918f77..ac1f217 100644
--- a/lib/mcp.rb
+++ b/lib/mcp.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative "json_rpc_handler"
+require_relative "mcp/annotations"
 require_relative "mcp/configuration"
 require_relative "mcp/content"
 require_relative "mcp/icon"
@@ -39,13 +40,4 @@ def configuration
       @configuration ||= Configuration.new
     end
   end
-
-  class Annotations
-    attr_reader :audience, :priority
-
-    def initialize(audience: nil, priority: nil)
-      @audience = audience
-      @priority = priority
-    end
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/mcp/annotations.rb b/lib/mcp/annotations.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9674c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mcp/annotations.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module MCP
+  class Annotations
+    attr_reader :audience, :priority, :last_modified
+
+    def initialize(audience: nil, priority: nil, last_modified: nil)
+      @audience = audience
+      @priority = priority
+      @last_modified = last_modified
+    end
+
+    def to_h
+      {
+        audience: audience,
+        priority: priority,
+        lastModified: last_modified,
+      }.compact
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/mcp/annotations_test.rb b/test/mcp/annotations_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4253cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/mcp/annotations_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "test_helper"
+
+module MCP
+  class AnnotationsTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+    def test_initialization
+      annotations = Annotations.new(audience: ["developers"], priority: 0.8)
+
+      assert_equal(["developers"], annotations.audience)
+      assert_equal(0.8, annotations.priority)
+      assert_nil(annotations.last_modified)
+
+      assert_equal({ audience: ["developers"], priority: 0.8 }, annotations.to_h)
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_with_all_attributes
+      timestamp = Time.utc(2025, 1, 12, 15, 0, 58).iso8601
+      annotations = Annotations.new(audience: ["developers"], priority: 0.8, last_modified: timestamp)
+
+      assert_equal(["developers"], annotations.audience)
+      assert_equal(0.8, annotations.priority)
+      assert_equal(timestamp, annotations.last_modified)
+
+      assert_equal({ audience: ["developers"], priority: 0.8, lastModified: timestamp }, annotations.to_h)
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_by_default
+      annotations = Annotations.new
+
+      assert_nil(annotations.audience)
+      assert_nil(annotations.priority)
+      assert_nil(annotations.last_modified)
+
+      assert_empty(annotations.to_h)
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_with_partial_attributes
+      annotations = Annotations.new(audience: ["developers"])
+
+      assert_equal(["developers"], annotations.audience)
+      assert_nil(annotations.priority)
+      assert_nil(annotations.last_modified)
+
+      assert_equal({ audience: ["developers"] }, annotations.to_h)
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_with_last_modified_only
+      timestamp = Time.utc(2025, 1, 12, 15, 0, 58).iso8601
+      annotations = Annotations.new(last_modified: timestamp)
+
+      assert_nil(annotations.audience)
+      assert_nil(annotations.priority)
+      assert_equal(timestamp, annotations.last_modified)
+
+      assert_equal({ lastModified: timestamp }, annotations.to_h)
+    end
+  end
+end