From 3483f71638f7205e6486ec0137d2862f3df9c42e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Hu <stevehu@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 16:01:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] handle runtime exception gracefully

---
 .../java/com/networknt/schema/Schema.java     |  4 +++
 .../com/networknt/schema/SchemaException.java |  5 +++
 .../java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaTest.java | 32 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/Schema.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/Schema.java
index 87999f107..3b3181dcc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/Schema.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/Schema.java
@@ -1192,6 +1192,8 @@ private JsonNode deserialize(String input, InputFormat inputFormat) {
             return this.getSchemaContext().getSchemaRegistry().readTree(input, inputFormat);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new UncheckedIOException("Invalid input", e);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            throw new SchemaException("Invalid " + inputFormat + " input: " + e.getMessage(), e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1213,6 +1215,8 @@ private JsonNode deserialize(AbsoluteIri input, InputFormat inputFormat) {
             }
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new UncheckedIOException("Invalid input", e);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            throw new SchemaException("Invalid " + inputFormat + " input from " + input + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaException.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaException.java
index fe94a0ef3..3166461b0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaException.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaException.java
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ public SchemaException(Throwable throwable) {
         this.error = null;
     }
 
+    public SchemaException(String message, Throwable throwable) {
+        super(message, throwable);
+        this.error = null;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String getMessage() {
         return this.error != null ? this.error.getMessage() : super.getMessage();
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaTest.java
index ff1ac400b..f888c5372 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/SchemaTest.java
@@ -98,4 +98,36 @@ public void run() {
             throw instance[0];
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue 1231.
+     * <p>
+     * When the YAML input length lands exactly on the snakeyaml-engine StreamReader
+     * 1024-char chunk boundary, an IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown internally.
+     * This should be caught and wrapped in a SchemaException with a clear message
+     * rather than propagating as a raw IndexOutOfBoundsException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    void yamlInputAtChunkBoundaryShouldThrowSchemaException() {
+        // Build a YAML key that is exactly 1024 chars so the total YAML content
+        // hits the snakeyaml-engine StreamReader boundary.
+        String longKey = "a".repeat(1024);
+        String yamlInput = longKey + ": value\n";
+
+        String schemaData = "{\"type\": \"object\"}";
+        SchemaRegistry factory = SchemaRegistry.withDialect(com.networknt.schema.dialect.Dialects.getOpenApi31());
+        Schema schema = factory.getSchema(schemaData);
+
+        // Before the fix this threw IndexOutOfBoundsException directly.
+        // After the fix it should throw SchemaException with a clear message.
+        try {
+            schema.validate(yamlInput, InputFormat.YAML);
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Raw IOOBE must not escape - this is the bug we're fixing
+            throw new AssertionError("Expected SchemaException but got raw IndexOutOfBoundsException", e);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            // Any other RuntimeException (including SchemaException) is acceptable
+            // as long as it's not the raw IndexOutOfBoundsException
+        }
+    }
 }