diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Database/FilesDatabaseManager.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Database/FilesDatabaseManager.swift
index 1f529605..3f79688e 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Database/FilesDatabaseManager.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Database/FilesDatabaseManager.swift
@@ -599,11 +599,7 @@ public final class FilesDatabaseManager: Sendable {
         var handledUpdateOcIds = Set(updated.map(\.ocId))
 
         updated
-            .map {
-                var serverUrl = $0.serverUrl + "/" + $0.fileName
-                if serverUrl.last == "/" { serverUrl.removeLast() }
-                return serverUrl
-            }
+            .map { $0.remotePath() }
             .forEach { serverUrl in
                 logger.debug("Checking updated item...", [.url: serverUrl])
 
@@ -630,15 +626,7 @@ public final class FilesDatabaseManager: Sendable {
         let handledDeleteOcIds = Set(deleted.map(\.ocId))
 
         deleted
-            .map { // assemble remote location
-                var serverUrl = $0.serverUrl + "/" + $0.fileName
-
-                if serverUrl.last == "/" {
-                    serverUrl.removeLast()
-                }
-
-                return serverUrl
-            }
+            .map { $0.remotePath() }
             .forEach { serverUrl in
                 logger.debug("Verifying deleted item...", [.url: serverUrl])
 
diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Enumeration/RemoteChangeObserver.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Enumeration/RemoteChangeObserver.swift
index 05e47a81..45790036 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Enumeration/RemoteChangeObserver.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Enumeration/RemoteChangeObserver.swift
@@ -456,10 +456,7 @@ public final class RemoteChangeObserver: NSObject, NextcloudKitDelegate, URLSess
         // This way we ensure we visit parent folders before their children.
         let materialisedItems = dbManager
             .materialisedItemMetadatas(account: accountId)
-            .sorted {
-                ($0.serverUrl + "/" + $0.fileName).count <
-                    ($1.serverUrl + "/" + $1.fileName).count
-            }
+            .sorted { $0.remotePath().count < $1.remotePath().count }
 
         var allNewMetadatas = [SendableItemMetadata]()
         var allUpdatedMetadatas = [SendableItemMetadata]()
@@ -480,7 +477,7 @@ public final class RemoteChangeObserver: NSObject, NextcloudKitDelegate, URLSess
                 continue
             }
 
-            let itemRemoteUrl = item.serverUrl + "/" + item.fileName
+            let itemRemoteUrl = item.remotePath()
 
             let (metadatas, newMetadatas, updatedMetadatas, deletedMetadatas, _, readError) = await Enumerator.readServerUrl(
                 itemRemoteUrl,
@@ -550,7 +547,7 @@ public final class RemoteChangeObserver: NSObject, NextcloudKitDelegate, URLSess
 
                                 // Also mark any materialized children of this directory as examined
                                 let grandChildren = materialisedItems.filter {
-                                    $0.serverUrl.hasPrefix(localItem.serverUrl + "/" + localItem.fileName)
+                                    $0.serverUrl.hasPrefix(localItem.remotePath())
                                 }
                                 examinedChildFilesAndDeletedItems.formUnion(grandChildren.map(\.ocId))
                             }
diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Create.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Create.swift
index 856ee4e5..72beccc9 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Create.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Create.swift
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ public extension Item {
                 )
                 return (nil, NSFileProviderError(.cannotSynchronize))
             }
-            parentItemRemotePath = parentItemMetadata.serverUrl + "/" + parentItemMetadata.fileName
+            parentItemRemotePath = parentItemMetadata.remotePath()
             parentItemRelativePath = parentItemRemotePath.replacingOccurrences(
                 of: account.davFilesUrl, with: ""
             )
diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Delete.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Delete.swift
index deea53f3..88e1426d 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Delete.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Delete.swift
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public extension Item {
         }
 
         let ocId = itemIdentifier.rawValue
-        let relativePath = (metadata.serverUrl + "/" + metadata.fileName).replacingOccurrences(of: metadata.urlBase, with: "")
+        let relativePath = (metadata.remotePath()).replacingOccurrences(of: metadata.urlBase, with: "")
 
         guard metadata.isLockFileOfLocalOrigin == false else {
             return await deleteLockFile(domain: domain, dbManager: dbManager)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public extension Item {
             return nil
         }
 
-        let serverFileNameUrl = metadata.serverUrl + "/" + metadata.fileName
+        let serverFileNameUrl = metadata.remotePath()
 
         guard serverFileNameUrl != "" else {
             return NSError.fileProviderErrorForNonExistentItem(withIdentifier: itemIdentifier)
diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Fetch.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Fetch.swift
index 5cfd5a31..7d9ff4da 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Fetch.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Item/Item+Fetch.swift
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public extension Item {
             progress.totalUnitCount += Int64(metadatas.count)
 
             for var metadata in metadatas {
-                let remotePath = metadata.serverUrl + "/" + metadata.fileName
+                let remotePath = metadata.remotePath()
                 let relativePath =
                     remotePath.replacingOccurrences(of: directoryRemotePath, with: "")
                 let childLocalPath = directoryLocalPath + relativePath
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public extension Item {
             }
         }
 
-        let serverUrlFileName = metadata.serverUrl + "/" + metadata.fileName
+        let serverUrlFileName = metadata.remotePath()
 
         logger.debug("Fetching item.", [.name: metadata.fileName, .url: serverUrlFileName])
 
diff --git a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Metadata/ItemMetadata.swift b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Metadata/ItemMetadata.swift
index 62bcca51..8aa35afc 100644
--- a/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Metadata/ItemMetadata.swift
+++ b/Sources/NextcloudFileProviderKit/Metadata/ItemMetadata.swift
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //  SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
 //  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+import FileProvider
 import Foundation
 
 ///
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public protocol ItemMetadata: Equatable {
     var quotaAvailableBytes: Int64 { get set }
     var resourceType: String { get set }
     var richWorkspace: String? { get set }
-    var serverUrl: String { get set } // For parent folder! Build remote url by adding fileName
+    var serverUrl: String { get set } // For parent folder! Retrieve the full remote url via .remotePath()
     var session: String? { get set }
     var sessionError: String? { get set }
     var sessionTaskIdentifier: Int? { get set }
@@ -170,4 +171,14 @@ public extension ItemMetadata {
                 .init(name: "a", value: "true"),
             ])
     }
+
+    func remotePath() -> String {
+        if ocId == NSFileProviderItemIdentifier.rootContainer.rawValue {
+            // For the root container the fileName is "__NC_ROOT__" (aka NextcloudKit.shared.nkCommonInstance.rootFileName)
+            // --> appending the fileName to that is not correct, as it most likely won't ecist
+            return serverUrl
+        }
+
+        return "\(serverUrl)/\(fileName)"
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tests/NextcloudFileProviderKitTests/ItemCreateTests.swift b/Tests/NextcloudFileProviderKitTests/ItemCreateTests.swift
index 1b960bd8..e7327713 100644
--- a/Tests/NextcloudFileProviderKitTests/ItemCreateTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/NextcloudFileProviderKitTests/ItemCreateTests.swift
@@ -715,7 +715,12 @@ final class ItemCreateTests: NextcloudFileProviderKitTestCase {
 
         XCTAssertNil(createdItem)
         let unwrappedError = try XCTUnwrap(error) as? NSFileProviderError
-        XCTAssertEqual(unwrappedError, NSFileProviderError(.cannotSynchronize))
+        let expectedError = if #available(macOS 13.0, *) {
+            NSFileProviderError(.excludedFromSync)
+        } else {
+            NSFileProviderError(.cannotSynchronize)
+        }
+        XCTAssertEqual(unwrappedError, expectedError)
         XCTAssertNil(Self.dbManager.itemMetadata(ocId: lockFileMetadata.ocId))
         XCTAssertFalse(targetRemote.locked)
     }