test: add graceful handling of test-debugger-pid flakes #4744

Job	Run time
Build slim tarball	2m 28s
aarch64-linux: with shared libraries	21m 32s
x86_64-linux: with shared libraries	25m 31s
aarch64-darwin: with shared libraries	21m 2s
x86_64-darwin: with shared libraries	34m 47s
	1h 45m 20s

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