diff --git a/test/e2e-techpreview/osimagestream_test.go b/test/e2e-techpreview/osimagestream_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98d7f31995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e-techpreview/osimagestream_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package e2e_techpreview
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/openshift/machine-config-operator/test/framework"
+	"github.com/openshift/machine-config-operator/test/helpers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	mcfgv1alpha1 "github.com/openshift/api/machineconfiguration/v1alpha1"
+	ctrlcommon "github.com/openshift/machine-config-operator/pkg/controller/common"
+	"github.com/openshift/machine-config-operator/pkg/osimagestream"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+)
+
+// Tests that a given clusters' OSImageStream is configured correctly.
+func TestOSImageStream(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	cs := framework.NewClientSet("")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		testFunc func(*testing.T, *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "OSImageStream has default stream",
+			testFunc: func(t *testing.T, osis *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream) {
+				assert.NotEqual(t, osis.Status.DefaultStream, "", "Expected status.defaultStream not to be empty")
+				defaultImageStream, err := osimagestream.GetOSImageStreamSetByName(osis, osis.Status.DefaultStream)
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.NotNil(t, defaultImageStream)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "OSImageStream has available streams",
+			testFunc: func(t *testing.T, osis *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream) {
+				expectedCount, targetVariant, err := getExpectedOSImageStreamCount(cs)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				assertOSImageStreamCount(t, osis, expectedCount, targetVariant)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Default OSImageStream matches machine-config-osimageurl ConfigMap",
+			testFunc: func(t *testing.T, osis *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream) {
+				cm, err := cs.CoreV1Interface.ConfigMaps(ctrlcommon.MCONamespace).Get(ctx, "machine-config-osimageurl", metav1.GetOptions{})
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				defaultImageStream, err := osimagestream.GetOSImageStreamSetByName(osis, osis.Status.DefaultStream)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				assert.Equal(t, cm.Data["baseOSContainerImage"], string(defaultImageStream.OSImage), "Default OS image should match configmap")
+				assert.Equal(t, cm.Data["baseOSExtensionsContainerImage"], string(defaultImageStream.OSExtensionsImage), "Default extensions image should match configmap")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Default OSImageStream matches rendered MachineConfigs and MachineConfigPools",
+			testFunc: func(t *testing.T, osis *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream) {
+				mcps, err := cs.GetMcfgclient().MachineconfigurationV1().MachineConfigPools().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				defaultImageStream, err := osimagestream.GetOSImageStreamSetByName(osis, osis.Status.DefaultStream)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				for _, mcp := range mcps.Items {
+					assert.Equal(t, mcp.Spec.OSImageStream.Name, "", "MachineConfigPool %s osImageStream.name should be empty when default OSImageStream is in use")
+
+					mc, err := cs.GetMcfgclient().MachineconfigurationV1().MachineConfigs().Get(ctx, mcp.Spec.Configuration.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+
+					assert.Equal(t, mc.Spec.OSImageURL, string(defaultImageStream.OSImage), "MachineConfig %s osImageURL should match default OSImageStream", mc.Name)
+					assert.Equal(t, mc.Spec.BaseOSExtensionsContainerImage, string(defaultImageStream.OSExtensionsImage), "MachineConfig %s baseOSExtensionsContainerImage image should match default OSImageStream", mc.Name)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			osisList, err := cs.GetMcfgclient().MachineconfigurationV1alpha1().OSImageStreams().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, osisList.Items, 1)
+
+			testCase.testFunc(t, &osisList.Items[0])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// This is a separate function because it could be reused in a lightweight
+// nightly job that checks the release payload images without needing an active
+// cluster.
+func assertOSImageStreamCount(t *testing.T, osis *mcfgv1alpha1.OSImageStream, expectedCount int, targetVariant string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s should have %d available stream(s), found %d with name(s): %v", targetVariant, expectedCount, len(osis.Status.AvailableStreams), osimagestream.GetStreamSetsNames(osis.Status.AvailableStreams))
+
+	assert.Len(t, osis.Status.AvailableStreams, expectedCount, msg)
+}
+
+// This will not work correctly for the OKD case until
+// https://issues.redhat.com/browse/MCO-2114 is resolved.
+func getExpectedOSImageStreamCount(cs *framework.ClientSet) (int, string, error) {
+	isOKD, err := helpers.IsOKDCluster(cs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, "", fmt.Errorf("could not determine if target is an OKD cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if isOKD {
+		return 1, "OKD", nil
+	}
+
+	return 2, "OCP", nil
+}