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<main id="top" tabindex="-1" class="sources-page">
<section class="sources-hero section">
<p class="eyebrow">Sources and attribution</p>
<h1>Sources for Kaspa Explained</h1>
<p class="lead">This page keeps the references tidy: protocol material, technical contributor context, learning libraries, article indexes, and claim-checking pages.</p>
<div class="actions">
<a class="button primary" href="/claims-reference">Read claims in browser</a>
<a class="button" href="/kaspa-claims-checker">Check a claim</a>
<a class="button" href="/status">Open status</a>
</div>
<nav class="jump-list" aria-label="Sources page shortcuts">
<a href="#source-hierarchy">Source hierarchy</a>
<a href="#claim-source">What source to use</a>
<a href="#code-tracking">Code tracking</a>
<a href="#learn-kaspa">Learn Kaspa</a>
<a href="#external-references">External references</a>
<a href="#public-files">Page map</a>
</nav>
</section>
<section id="source-hierarchy" class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Source hierarchy</p>
<h2>Source weight</h2>
<p>Kaspa has many public contributors. This map separates code, KIPs, releases, research papers, protocol documentation, core technical commentary, long-form context, learning libraries, and discovery channels.</p>
<div class="source-tier-grid" aria-label="Source hierarchy">
<article>
<h3>Mainnet feature sources</h3>
<p>rusty-kaspa, releases, KIPs, protocol documentation, and activation records anchor claims about what users can actually do today.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Current L1 readouts</h3>
<p>Mainnet REST endpoints, your own node, release notes, and emission schedule documents carry time-stamped supply, reward, DAA, and activation-status checks.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Consensus / protocol sources</h3>
<p>Kaspa Research, papers, protocol docs, code, and direct technical explanations carry claims about GHOSTDAG, blockDAG ordering, pruning, and security assumptions.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Roadmap / Toccata sources</h3>
<p>Kaspa.org Build, kaspanet GitHub KIP PRs, Rusty Kaspa releases, testnet releases, protocol docs, and future activation artifacts carry L1 status claims. Core technical posts explain rationale but do not replace activation evidence.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Official roadmap frame</h3>
<p>Use Kaspa.org Lore and Build for current public framing: real-time decentralization, Toccata, DAGKnight, 2027 research, and builder resource routing.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Origin and fair launch</h3>
<p>Kaspa.org, Hashdag archives, the April 2021 launch article, Yonatan interviews, and Rusty Kaspa releases anchor the fair-launch and Crescendo history.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Learning references</h3>
<p>Use Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa and KASmedia for approachable vocabulary, diagrams, and topic orientation. L1 activation authority comes from releases, KIPs, node/API readings, and activation evidence.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Media / context</h3>
<p>Bitcoin Takeover, Oxford, long recordings, transcripts, and interviews help with framing, history, and community interpretation.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Discovery-only sources</h3>
<p>X posts, replies, dashboards, and aggregators can surface links or corrections. Mainnet feature claims need stronger evidence.</p>
</article>
</div>
<p class="fit-note">Summary: first-party code, releases, KIPs, Kaspa.org/docs, public node/API readings, research papers, and activation records carry mainnet-feature claims. Public explainers, media, interviews, external docs, and X posts help readers understand context or find links. They do not activate protocol status.</p>
</section>
<section id="claim-source" class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">What source to use</p>
<h2>Match statements to sources</h2>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table claim-source-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Claim type</th>
<th>Best source class</th>
<th>Use with care</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Origin and fair-launch history</td>
<td>Kaspa.org genesis/fair-launch proof, Hashdag launch-plan archives, durable interviews, and release records.</td>
<td>Community lore can help, but dates, bug details, and business-plan claims need source-backed wording.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Live feature or activation status</td>
<td>Code, releases, KIPs, activation records, protocol docs.</td>
<td>Portal articles and social posts provide context. Final proof needs primary evidence.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Current L1 snapshot</td>
<td>Mainnet node/API readings for network name, DAA score, block count, supply, reward, fees, and hashrate, checked against release and activation records.</td>
<td>Snapshot values are time-sensitive; recheck before quoting exact numbers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TPS and capacity estimates</td>
<td>Rusty Kaspa consensus params, transaction mass code, standard transaction policy, payload docs, and current block-rate status.</td>
<td>State the workload first: simple payments, covenant transactions, ZK settlements, token rules, and vProg-style app actions are different measurements.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Emission and supply</td>
<td>Official emission schedule, block-reward endpoint, supply endpoint, and node/explorer cross-checks.</td>
<td>A monthly step-down schedule should not be rewritten as a one-day cliff.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Consensus mechanics</td>
<td>Kaspa Research, papers, protocol docs, code, and technical contributor explanations.</td>
<td>Simple explainers can omit assumptions or edge cases.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Toccata timing and scope</td>
<td>Kaspa.org Build, kaspanet KIP PRs, Rusty Kaspa releases and testnet releases, protocol docs, audit/rehearsal updates, and activation artifacts.</td>
<td>Core technical posts can explain intent; mainnet claims still need first-party release, KIP, node, or activation evidence.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>App and project claims</td>
<td>For L1 impact, use Kaspa transaction-payload docs, fee/reward endpoints, Rusty Kaspa behavior, and accepted transaction evidence.</td>
<td>Project docs, token catalogs, wallets, and frontends are not first-party L1 status authority.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Official roadmap framing</td>
<td>Kaspa.org Lore and Build for public framing around RTD, Toccata, DAGKnight, 100 BPS research, and builder resources.</td>
<td>Roadmap framing is not activation evidence by itself.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API, indexing, and historical data</td>
<td>Rusty Kaspa, official Build links, community API docs, public node docs, explorer/API dumps, and open indexer work.</td>
<td>Hosted APIs can be best-effort; production systems need their own reliability plan.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vProgs and native app architecture</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/vprogs">vProgs repo</a>, <a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/programmability">Kaspa programmability docs</a>, Toccata KIPs, and future formal papers or implementation docs.</td>
<td>Describe native DeFi as live only when shipped software supports it.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DAGKnight and adaptive consensus</td>
<td>Hashdag, Kaspa Research, papers, and direct technical explanations.</td>
<td>DAGKnight is not current mainnet behavior.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RTD framing</td>
<td>hashd.ag/raw and Yonatan/Hashdag context for real-time PoW framing.</td>
<td>Oracle, TangVM, and public group-commitment systems are downstream research or architecture.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Long-form interview context</td>
<td>Bitcoin Takeover S16 E41 with Yonatan Sompolinsky for the broad PoW, Bitcoin, Kaspa, DeFi, Solana-like UX, and community-project framing.</td>
<td>Use it for context. Upgrade activation needs release and network evidence.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="code-tracking" class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Code tracking</p>
<h2>Implementation links</h2>
<p>These links help track development evidence. Mainnet activation still requires activation evidence.</p>
<div class="reference-grid">
<article>
<h3>Toccata / Silverscript</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/toccata">rusty-kaspa Toccata branch</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/v2.0.1">Rusty Kaspa v2.0.1 Toccata maintenance release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/v2.0.0">Rusty Kaspa v2.0.0 Mainnet Toccata activation release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/docs/toccata-guide.md">Rusty Kaspa Toccata guide</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/tn10-toc3">Rusty Kaspa tn10-toc3 pre-release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/tn10-toc2">Rusty Kaspa tn10-toc2 pre-release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/tn12">rusty-kaspa TN12 branch</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/silverscript">kaspanet/silverscript</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/issues/983">TN12 opcode testing report</a></li>
<li><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kaspanet/kips/master/kip-0016.md">KIP-16 raw file</a>, <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kaspanet/kips/master/kip-0017.md">KIP-17 raw file</a>, <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kaspanet/kips/master/kip-0020.md">KIP-20 raw file</a>, and <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kaspanet/kips/master/kip-0021.md">KIP-21 raw file</a> for proposal-state checks. As of June 29, KIP-16 and KIP-20 are listed as proposed plus implemented and activated in TN10, while KIP-17 and KIP-21 are listed as implemented and activated in TN10. This is still not mainnet activation evidence by itself.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/41">KIP-24 transaction-v1 PR</a> for compute budgets, covenant bindings, user lanes, and the payload/rest txid split for ZK and based-executor workflows. Open PR status means it does not change mainnet status by itself.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/37">KIP-22 P2MR PR</a> for the open quantum-resistance and MAST-style ScriptPublicKey proposal. It is future script-design evidence. Current wallet safety and activation claims need separate evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelsutton/argent">michaelsutton/argent</a> for early actor-style Silverscript covenant-contract tooling research.</li>
<li><a href="/toccata-explained">Toccata Explained</a> for covenants, covenant IDs, ZK proof checks, KIP-21 lanes, based apps, and the vProgs boundary.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Capacity / mass</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/consensus/core/src/config/params.rs">rusty-kaspa consensus params</a> for current block rate, block mass limits, and Toccata activation parameters.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/consensus/core/src/mass/mod.rs">rusty-kaspa transaction mass code</a> for compute, transient, storage, and serialized-size accounting.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/wallet/core/src/tx/mass.rs">wallet transaction mass code</a> for standard wallet-side input, output, payload, and signature-size estimates.</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/integrate/transaction-payload">Kaspa transaction payload docs</a> for application payload use under standard transaction mass limits.</li>
<li><a href="/kaspa-tps-explained">Kaspa TPS Explained</a> for the site-level workload split between simple payments, covenants, ZK settlements, tokens, and future vProg-style app throughput.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>TN12 builder utilities</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://faucet-tn12.kaspanet.io/">TN12 faucet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tn12.kaspa.stream/">TN12 explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/rpc/ports.html">Kaspa RPC port selection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/tn12">TN12-capable rusty-kaspa branch</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Use these for testnet-only covenant prototyping. A synced local node with UTXO index is the safer source for balance checks than an unsynced local node or changing explorer API. For Testnet-10 Toccata activation testing, start from the current Rusty Kaspa release tag before reusing older TN10 commands.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>vProgs / ZK framework</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/kaspa-vprogs-explained">Kaspa Explained vProgs overview</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/vprogs">kaspanet/vprogs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelsutton/argent">michaelsutton/argent</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/vprogs/commit/57039db09ea958689aee2ae89f81ba40c8cc3e6d">RISC0 backend commit</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/vprogs/pull/36">vProgs settlement-into-covenants merge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/pull/953">merged Rusty Kaspa ZK SDK pull request</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/pull/961">sequencing-commitment lane proof RPC pull request</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>DAGKnight</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/dagknight">rusty-kaspa dagknight branch</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/commit/ae94cfe4c57c643bae4b96e96bd8fb5d91b6a8c8">March 22 free-search encoding test</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/commit/b75ef94c7ab8dae3e0149e6125adc608effbc579">tie-breaking placeholder commit</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Builder tooling</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.org/build">Kaspa.org Build resource index</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org">Kaspa docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/integrate/getting-started">Kaspa docs: Getting started</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/programmability">Kaspa docs: Programmability overview</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/integrate/transaction-payload">Kaspa docs: Transaction payload</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/integrate/accepted-transactions">Kaspa docs: Accepted transactions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/integrate/kaspa-node">Kaspa docs: Kaspa node</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kaspa.org/references">Kaspa docs: References</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/docs/">WASM SDK docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/docs/classes/RpcClient.html">Aspectron RpcClient docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/docs/functions/signTransaction.html">Aspectron signTransaction docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/docs/interfaces/ISubmitTransactionRequest.html">Aspectron submit-transaction request docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/v1.1.0/wasm/examples">Rusty Kaspa WASM examples</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kaspa-python-sdk">kaspanet/kaspa-python-sdk</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kaspa-python-sdk/releases/tag/v2.0.1">Python SDK v2.0.1 release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kaspa-python-sdk/releases/tag/v2.0.0">Python SDK v2.0.0 release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspanet.github.io/kaspa-python-sdk/2.0.1/CHANGELOG/">Python SDK v2.0.1 changelog</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/kaspa/2.0.1/">kaspa Python package on PyPI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/InKasWeRust/KasSigner">KasSigner</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kassigner.org/">KasSee watch-only companion</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Infrastructure experiments</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/pull/860">TxIndex pull request</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/pull/930">Fast Trusted Relay draft pull request</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Open pull requests and draft infrastructure work help track development. Stable release and activation evidence carry more weight.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Network access</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://api.kaspa.org/docs">Community REST API docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/">Kaspa Developer Platform docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/llms.txt">KDP documentation index</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/api-reference/v1/transaction/create-transaction-acceptance">KDP transaction acceptance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/api-reference/v1/block/get-block-daa-score">KDP DAA-score block ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/api-reference/v1/block/get-block-blue-score">KDP blue-score block ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/essentials/data-types">KDP data types</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.kas.fyi/rate-limits">KDP rate limits</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.aspectron.org/rpc/pnn.html">Public Node Network docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://explorer.kaspa.org/">Kaspa explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kgi.kaspad.net/">DAG visualizer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://db-dl.kaspa.org">Explorer / API database dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faucet-testnet.kaspanet.io">Testnet faucet</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Hosted APIs and public nodes serve demos, quick reads, dashboards, and second-source checks. KDP adds API-key access to address history, transaction acceptance data, block ranges by blue score or DAA score, node RPC proxy calls, and operational docs for authentication, data types, pagination, and rate limits.</p>
<p>Production systems should decide deliberately when to run their own node or indexer, when to use provider redundancy, and how to handle API keys, rate limits, request-unit cost, provider downtime, amount precision, and timestamp conversion.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Node and community infra</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/kaspanet/rusty-kaspad">Rusty Kaspa Docker Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="https://deepwiki.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa">Rusty Kaspa DeepWiki</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/supertypo/simply-kaspa-indexer">Simply Kaspa Indexer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/dnsseeder">DNS Seeder</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/aspectron/khost">kHost</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/K-Kluster/kaspa-js">kaspa-js</a></li>
<li><a href="https://t.me/kasparnd">Core R&D Telegram</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Community projects can help, but maintenance, trust, and fit should be checked before production use.</p>
</article>
</div>
</section>
<section id="learn-kaspa" class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa</p>
<h2>Kaspa.com learning links</h2>
<p><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa">Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa</a> explains the vocabulary behind Kaspa: BlockDAGs, GHOSTDAG, parents and mergesets, blue score and blue work, k-clusters, pruning, UTXO commitments, finality, transaction selection, mass, opcodes, KIPs, and node types.</p>
<p>Kaspa Explained uses it as a credited learning reference for vocabulary and approachable mechanics.</p>
<details class="source-more">
<summary>Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa topic map</summary>
<div class="reference-grid" aria-label="Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa topic map">
<article>
<h3>Fundamentals</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/what-is-kaspa">What is Kaspa?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dag-and-kaspa">Kaspa BlockDAG</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/ghostdag-simplified">GHOSTDAG Simplified</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dag-terminology">DAG Terminology</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-utxo-model">Kaspa UTXO Model</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-uses-muhash">MuHash</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Ordering and consensus</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/parent-chain">Kaspa Parent Chain - Ordering pt1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-mergeset-creation">Kaspa Mergeset - Ordering pt2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-blocks-blue-vs-red">Kaspa Blue vs Red - Ordering pt3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/blue-work-ordering-pt4">Kaspa Blue Work - Ordering pt4</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/ghostdag-k-cluster">k-Cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/k-parameter">K Parameter</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Finality and timing</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/finality-depth">Finality Depth</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/anticone-finalization-depth">Anticone Finalization Depth</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/finality">Probabilistic and Deterministic Finality in Kaspa</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/blocks-per-second">Blocks per Second</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/daa-window">DAA Window</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/daa-score">DAA Score</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Network mechanics</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/virtual-block">Virtual Block</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/virtual-parents">Virtual Parents</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/sink-selection">Sink Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/transaction-selection">Transaction Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/intro-transaction-selection">Intro Transaction Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/block-processing">Block Processing Pipeline</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Storage, pruning, and mass</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/pruning-depth">Pruning Depth</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/first-order-pruning-in-kaspa">First Order Pruning</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/second-order-pruning">Second Order Pruning</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/archival-nodes-vs-full-nodes">Archival Nodes vs Full Nodes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/transaction-mass">Transaction Mass</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/storage-mass-kip-0009">Storage Mass (KIP-0009)</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Programmability and upgrades</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-10">KIP 10</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-20">KIP 20</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-21">KIP 21</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/opcodes">OpCodes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/smart-contracts">Smart Contracts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dagknight">DAGKNIGHT</a></li>
</ul>
</article>
</div>
</details>
<details class="source-more">
<summary>Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa article index</summary>
<div class="compact-columns">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-and-the-bitcoin-scaling-problem">Kaspa and the "Bitcoin Scaling Problem"</a> - frames Kaspa's scaling answer as including parallel honest work in the DAG.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/pruning-depth">Pruning Depth</a> - explains the practical retention boundary that lets full nodes manage storage while continuing to validate.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-10">KIP 10</a> - introduces transaction introspection and arithmetic extensions as building blocks for safer script-level programmability.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/learn-kaspa-guide">A Guide to Learning Kaspa</a> - organizes the concept map by foundations, data structures, GHOSTDAG mechanics, parameters, processing, and DAA.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-20">KIP 20</a> - adds covenant identifiers so covenant chains can be tracked through UTXOs without relying on fragile prior-transaction proof patterns.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kip-21">KIP 21</a> - describes partitioned sequencing commitments so ZK proof work can follow application lanes instead of one global transaction stream.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/opcodes">OpCodes</a> - shows Kaspa script as stack-based validation rules, from basic signatures toward richer spending conditions.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/anatomy-of-a-block">Anatomy of a Block</a> - breaks a block into header, transaction list, proof-of-work, DAG references, and commitment structure.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dagknight">DAGKNIGHT</a> - presents the parameterless/adaptive consensus direction that responds to actual network conditions with adaptive latency assumptions.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/smart-contracts">Smart Contracts</a> - places Kaspa programmability on a staged path through script, KIP-10, covenants, ZK verification, and future vProgs; its chess walkthrough gives a concrete UTXO state-machine example.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/storage-mass-kip-0009">Storage Mass (KIP-0009)</a> - explains quadratic pricing for UTXO-set growth as a defense against state-bloat externalities.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/block-processing">Block Processing Pipeline</a> - describes the validation pipeline from headers and bodies through virtual-state computation and pruning.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/past-median-time">Past Median Time</a> - explains how sampled historical timestamps help validate new block timestamps in a high-throughput DAG.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/timestamp-validation">Timestamp Validation</a> - covers future-time and past-median checks that protect chronological consistency.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/virtual-parents">Virtual Parents</a> - explains how the virtual block selects parents to maintain a bounded, consistent current-state view.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/tx-validation">TX Validation</a> - separates transaction checks into isolation, header-context, and state-validation phases.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/coinbase-transactions">Coinbase Transactions</a> - explains miner rewards, issuance, fees, validation, and maturity in the block template flow.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/sink-selection">Sink Selection</a> - describes how the virtual selected parent gives a parallel DAG a primary state reference.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/daa-score">DAA Score</a> - explains Kaspa's block-based timing metric for difficulty adjustment and consensus windows.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/transaction-mass">Transaction Mass</a> - combines compute, transient storage, and UTXO-set impact into a resource measure for high-throughput validation.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/virtual-block">Virtual Block</a> - explains the conceptual current-state block that aggregates DAG tips into a consistent network view.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/anticone-finalization-depth">Anticone Finalization Depth</a> - explains when parallel paths are effectively closed enough for strong finalization confidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/blocks-per-second">Blocks per Second</a> - explains that BPS changes require proportional security-parameter scaling alongside faster block emission.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/mergeset-size-limit">Mergeset Size Limit</a> - describes the cap that keeps parallel inclusion practical for processing and storage.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/cheat-sheet">Kaspa Cheat Sheet</a> - provides a broad quick-reference map across consensus concepts, security, economics, and network mechanics.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/merge-depth-bound">Merge Depth Bound</a> - explains the time boundary that prevents very old blocks from being merged in ways that threaten stability.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/daa-window">DAA Window</a> - explains how recent blocks are sampled to keep mining difficulty responsive as hashrate changes.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/finality-depth">Finality Depth</a> - explains the point at which blocks become final enough for pruning and reorg resistance.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/what-is-kaspa">What is Kaspa?</a> - gives the general entry frame: high-speed transactions through BlockDAG while preserving security and decentralization goals.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/ghostdag-k-cluster">k-Cluster</a> - explains how the best-connected subgraph helps identify blocks that fit the honest consensus structure.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/intro-transaction-selection">Intro Transaction Selection</a> - explains why Kaspa shifts from taking all ready transactions to probabilistic selection under congestion.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/blue-score-and-blue-work">Blue Score and Blue Work</a> - separates block counting from accumulated PoW measurement inside a DAG.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/first-order-pruning-in-kaspa">First Order Pruning</a> - explains pruning old block transaction data while preserving the UTXO set needed for validation.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dag-terminology">DAG Terminology</a> - defines past, future, anticone, mergeset, and K so readers can reason about non-linear block relationships.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/ghostdag-simplified">GHOSTDAG Simplified</a> - explains how GHOSTDAG orders a DAG and classifies blocks while preserving security properties.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/parents-vs-mergeset">Parents vs Mergeset</a> - clarifies the difference between direct references and consensus-relevant included blocks.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/second-order-pruning">Second Order Pruning</a> - explains deeper pruning of consensus data while preserving enough proofs for future validation.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-utxo-model">Kaspa UTXO Model</a> - explains spendable outputs as the foundation for ownership, validation, and pruning.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-uses-muhash">MuHash</a> - explains compact UTXO-set commitments that help nodes verify state across pruning boundaries.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-linking-the-body-to-the-header">Kaspa - Linking the Body to the Header</a> - explains Merkle and accepted-transaction commitments that bind transaction bodies to block headers.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/dag-and-kaspa">Kaspa BlockDAG</a> - introduces directed acyclic graphs as the structure that lets Kaspa represent parallel block production.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/archival-nodes-vs-full-nodes">Archival Nodes vs Full Nodes</a> - explains that pruned full nodes still validate consensus while archival nodes retain complete historical data.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/finality">Probabilistic and Deterministic Finality in Kaspa</a> - distinguishes growing confirmation confidence from deterministic finality points used for pruning and violation detection.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/transaction-selection">Transaction Selection</a> - explains the adaptive selection strategy across low, moderate, and heavy congestion.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/k-parameter">K Parameter</a> - explains K as the security parameter limiting blue anticone size in GHOSTDAG.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/blue-work-ordering-pt4">Kaspa Blue Work - Ordering pt4</a> - explains accumulated blue-block proof-of-work as the basis for ordering and tie-breaking.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-blocks-blue-vs-red">Kaspa Blue vs Red - Ordering pt3</a> - explains which blocks contribute to the consensus structure and which are excluded from blue work.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/kaspa-mergeset-creation">Kaspa Mergeset - Ordering pt2</a> - explains how GHOSTDAG chooses the blocks to include beside a selected parent.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa/post/parent-chain">Kaspa Parent Chain - Ordering pt1</a> - contrasts Bitcoin's sequential heaviest-chain selection with Kaspa's blue-work-backed parallel integration.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</details>
</section>
<section class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">KASmedia context</p>
<h2>KASmedia context</h2>
<p><a href="https://kasmedia.com/">KASmedia</a> provides recaps, interviews, and community context. Verify activation claims against primary code, KIPs, releases, or protocol sources.</p>
<details class="source-more">
<summary>Open KASmedia usage notes</summary>
<div class="reference-grid">
<article>
<h3>Theory and consensus</h3>
<p>Use for GHOSTDAG, blockDAG, PoW-vs-BFT, safety/liveness, fee-market, and confirmation-time context.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Roadmap interpretation</h3>
<p>Use for following Toccata, covenants, vProgs, ZK architecture, DAGKnight prototypes, and RTD direction.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Human context</h3>
<p>Use for wallets, custody, point-of-sale tools, miner/device context, education projects, and user infrastructure.</p>
</article>
</div>
</details>
</section>
<section class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Active builders to watch</p>
<h2>Builder accounts</h2>
<p>Builder accounts are good for discovery. They are not enough by themselves for activation dates, shipped-feature claims, or protocol guarantees.</p>
<details class="source-more">
<summary>Open builder account list</summary>
<div class="reference-grid">
<article>
<h3>Research and protocol framing</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://x.com/hashdag">Hashdag / Yonatan Sompolinsky</a> - RTD, public group-commitment markets, MEV/oracle direction, and research links.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/michaelsuttonil">Michael Sutton</a> - Toccata, covenants, ZK verification, sequencing commitments, vProgs, and Rusty Kaspa notes.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/FreshAir08">FreshAir08</a> - fee mechanics, pruning, throughput/TPS clarification, and research/development commentary.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>Implementation and developer tooling</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://x.com/OriNewman">Ori Newman</a> - Silverscript, covenant examples, Kaspa Q&A, and developer explanations.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/coderofstuff_">Coder of Stuff</a> - Rusty Kaspa, DAGKnight prototypes, testnet/devnet, and implementation progress.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/IzioDev">IzioDev</a> - Kasia, tooling, covenant workshops, and application-layer notes.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<article>
<h3>vProgs and application experiments</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://x.com/hus_qy">Hans Moog</a> - vProgs, ZK app architecture, modular VM thinking, and execution-framework notes.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/eliottmea">Eliott Mea</a> - oracle, market-structure, and application-layer analysis.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/KasSigner">KasSigner</a> and <a href="https://kassigner.org/">KasSigner/KasSee</a> - offline signing, PSKB, multisig, and hardware-wallet-adjacent experiments.</li>
</ul>
</article>
</div>
</details>
</section>
<section id="external-references" class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">External references</p>
<h2>External references</h2>
<details class="source-more">
<summary>Open external reference list</summary>
<ol class="source-list">
<li><a href="https://hashd.ag/">hashd.ag</a> and <a href="https://hashd.ag/raw">hashd.ag/raw</a> for Hashdag / Yonatan Sompolinsky's writing archive.</li>
<li><a href="https://hashdag.medium.com/kaspa-launch-plan-responding-to-reality-6b4bec449037">Kaspa launch plan: responding to reality</a> and <a href="https://hashdag.medium.com/kaspa-black-tuesday-8c7f4fa35834">Kaspa (Black Tuesday)</a> for launch, governance, early bug, and UTXO-commitment context.</li>
<li><a href="https://polychain.capital/">Polychain Capital homepage</a> for Polychain's own high-level description as an investment firm managing portfolios of blockchain assets.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/interview-with-dr-yonatan-sompolinsky-of-kaspa">Hackernoon interview with Yonatan Sompolinsky</a> for DAGLabs, ASIC-presale, optical ASIC, Polychain, Gadi, and fair-launch context.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.kaspa.org/en/prehistory">Kaspa Wiki prehistory page</a> for DAGLabs mining after launch, Polychain-related distribution context, and the under-3% / 840 million KAS early-miner estimate.</li>
<li><a href="https://uk.investing.com/news/cryptocurrency-news/researcher-behind-ghost-protocol-launches-cryptocurrency-network-kaspa-2355728">Investing.com April 2021 Kaspa launch article</a> for the testnet bundle, DAGLabs context, and pre-mainnet no-premining launch intent.</li>
<li><a href="https://vcorem.medium.com/daglabs-just-released-its-kaspa-tesnet-b396481eb0c6">Guy Corem's April 2021 Kaspa testnet note</a> for Golang Phantom/GHOSTDAG implementation framing and pre-mainnet context.</li>
<li><a href="https://epicenter.tv/episode/192-spectre-ghosts-radical-ideas-to-scale-blockchain-tech">Epicenter episode 192</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/W2vSNVz_GEQ">Rethink Trust 2018 interview</a> for GHOST, SPECTRE, Layer One scalability, throughput, confirmation-speed, and trustless-design context.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.kasmedia.com/article/dr-yonatan-sompolinsky-s-interview-with-uphold-s-head-of-research-dr-martin-heisboeck">Uphold Institutional interview recap</a> for sequencing, finance, MEV, Rust implementation, and ZK-oriented future-programmability framing.</li>
<li><a href="https://dblp.org/rec/journals/iacr/SompolinskyZ18.html">DBLP record for PHANTOM</a> for the 2018 PHANTOM paper citation.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.kaspalytics.com/blog/post/2024-week4-this-week-on-dag">Kaspalytics Week 4, 2024</a> for September 2023 dust-attack UTXO-count context.</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@michaelsuttonil/kaspa-covenants-toccata-hard-fork-outlook-a4d81a40900c">Michael Sutton on Toccata</a> for covenants, ZK verification, sequencing commitments, Silverscript, and vProgs bridge context.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa">rusty-kaspa GitHub</a> and <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases">rusty-kaspa releases</a> for implementation and release evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://api.kaspa.org/info/blockdag">mainnet blockDAG API</a>, <a href="https://api.kaspa.org/info/coinsupply">supply API</a>, and <a href="https://api.kaspa.org/info/blockreward">block reward API</a> for time-stamped L1 snapshot checks.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.kaspa.org/en/tokenomics">Kaspa Wiki tokenomics</a> and the <a href="https://api.kaspa.org/info/blockreward">block reward API</a> for monthly emission-policy and current-reward checks; use them to avoid "emission cliff" wording.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/v2.0.1">Rusty Kaspa v2.0.1</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/v2.0.0">Rusty Kaspa v2.0.0</a>, and the <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/docs/toccata-guide.md">Toccata guide</a> for the current Toccata release line, DAA 474,165,565 activation score, and June 30 activation estimate.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/tn10-toc3">tn10-toc3</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases/tag/tn10-toc2">tn10-toc2</a>, and <a href="https://api-tn10.kaspa.org/info/blockdag">Testnet-10 REST status</a> for the May 2026 Testnet-10 Toccata activation and hardening path.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/toccata">rusty-kaspa Toccata branch</a> and <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/tn12">rusty-kaspa TN12 branch</a> for status-sensitive implementation evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/vprogs">kaspanet/vprogs</a> for the early Rust prototype of the vProgs execution framework, and <a href="https://github.com/michaelsutton/argent">michaelsutton/argent</a> for actor-style Silverscript tooling research.</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips">Kaspa KIPs</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/31">KIP-16</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/32">KIP-17</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/35">KIP-20</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/36">KIP-21</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/41">KIP-24</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/37">KIP-22</a> for proposal status and protocol-change records.</li>
<li><a href="https://research.kas.pa/t/on-the-design-of-based-zk-rollups-over-kaspas-utxo-based-dag-consensus/208">Kaspa Research on based ZK rollups</a> for architecture context around L1-sequenced actions and off-chain execution. Production activation needs release and network evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://research.kas.pa/">Kaspa Research</a> and <a href="https://qa.kas.pa/">Kaspa Q&A</a> for research and technical answers.</li>
<li><a href="https://kaspa.org/">Kaspa.org</a>, <a href="https://kaspa.org/lore">Lore</a>, <a href="https://kaspa.org/build">Build</a>, and <a href="https://kaspa.org/hodl">HODL</a> for the current public Kaspa/KasMedia entry point, source discovery, builder routing, and beginner wallet flow.</li>
<li><a href="https://kasmedia.com/">KASmedia</a> and <a href="https://kaspa.com/learn-kaspa">Kaspa.com Learn Kaspa</a> for community context and introductory vocabulary.</li>
<li><a href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/bitcoin-takeover-podcast/episodes/s16-e41-yonatan-sompolinsky-on-bitcoin-kaspa-amp-proof-of-work">Bitcoin Takeover S16 E41 transcript</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/GaJmYV8OHfQ">full recording</a> for explanatory framing.</li>
<li><a href="https://tokenize-event.com/theatre-2-blockchain-technologies-and-the-potential-of-web3/utilising-decentralised-tech-secure-digital-wallets">Kaspa: Mining the Internet</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIZGKoIaGR0">Oxford address</a>, and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1dS1xvvFss">Oxford Q&A</a> for RTD and coordination-market framing.</li>
<li><a href="https://x.com/DailyKaspa/status/2052716697262374936">Kaspa Daily Yonatan Q&A Part 1</a> for current narrative context around Base of Liquidity, coordination markets, product-before-marketing, L1-first framing, and payments as one application route. Protocol activation claims need release and network evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHlOcR1x2tU">Michael Sutton's vProgs talk</a> and Sutton's milestone notes: <a href="https://gist.github.com/michaelsutton/5bd9ab358f692ee4f54ce2842a0815d1">covenant++ / vProgs</a>, <a href="https://gist.github.com/michaelsutton/a5c9bff6c9e9713edd0de9a3059bab9a">STARK-sized blocks / min-fee</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://progdoc.izio.fr/overview.html">Izio's Kaspa programmability guide</a> and <a href="https://kasmedia.com/article/weeklyknightl12s-and-pows">KASmedia fast-PoW recap</a> for builder distinctions and fast-inclusion nuance.</li>
<li><a href="https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf">Bitcoin whitepaper</a> and <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/scaling/">Ethereum scaling docs</a> for stable comparison context around base-layer money and rollup-centric scaling.</li>
</ol>
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