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+\section{PAS Constant}
+
+\subsection{Abstract}
+The \textbf{PAS Constant}, valued at $0.717$, is a novel mathematical constant introduced by Sandeep Ashokrao Patil in 2007 (Copyright L-28659/2007, India). It rationalizes limits and derivatives by replacing indeterminate behaviours near zero with a rational anchor. Much like the historical introduction of zero, PAS provides a new paradigm in mathematics, bridging abstraction and rational computation.
+
+\subsection{Definition}
+The PAS Constant provides a substitute for zero when evaluating limits and derivatives:
+\[
+\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) \quad \to \quad f(0.717).
+\]
+By shifting the lower bound from $0$ to $0.717$, PAS ensures rational, computable results where traditional methods often yield irrational or undefined values.
+
+\subsection{Motivation}
+Traditional limits near $x \to 0$ often collapse into irrational or indeterminate forms. PAS reframes this by offering a rational baseline:
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Prevents collapse into singularities.
+  \item Stabilizes approximations in symbolic mathematics.
+  \item Provides smoother convergence than L’Hôpital’s rule or Taylor expansions.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Historical Context: From Zero to PAS}
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item \textbf{Śūnya (Indian Philosophy)}: Represented void or emptiness; formalized by Brahmagupta in the 7th century.
+  \item \textbf{Zero}: A mathematical formalization of absence, enabling algebra, calculus, and modern computation.
+  \item \textbf{PAS (0.717)}: Extends this journey by rationalizing “nothingness” in calculus, offering structured meaning to indeterminate near-zero conditions.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Comparative Framework}
+\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
+\hline
+Concept & Role \\
+\hline
+Śūnya (Void) & Philosophical abstraction of emptiness \\
+Zero (0) & Mathematical formalization of absence \\
+PAS (0.717) & Rational anchor for near-zero behaviour \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\subsection{Worked Examples}
+\paragraph{Example 1:} $\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}$.  
+Traditional: Apply L’Hôpital → $1$.  
+PAS: $\frac{\sin(0.717)}{0.717} \approx 0.94$, a rationalized approximation.
+
+\paragraph{Example 2:} $\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1-e^{-x}}{x}$.  
+Traditional: Taylor expansion → $1$.  
+PAS: $\frac{1-e^{-0.717}}{0.717} \approx 0.51$, providing a bounded rational value.
+
+\paragraph{Example 3:} Derivative of $1/x$ near $0$.  
+Traditional: Undefined (infinite slope).  
+PAS: $-1/(0.717\epsilon)^2$, a large but bounded rational value.
+
+\subsection{Applications}
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item \textbf{Calculus:} Resolves indeterminate forms ($0/0$, $\infty/\infty$, $0^0$).
+  \item \textbf{AI/Computer Science:} Acts as a universal regularization constant; improves symbolic solvers and floating-point stability.
+  \item \textbf{Physics:} Smooths black hole entropy collapse; stabilizes quantum probability boundaries.
+  \item \textbf{Chemistry:} Rationalizes entropy near zero mole fractions.
+  \item \textbf{Economics:} Prevents stagnation in zero-growth models by introducing a rational correction.
+  \item \textbf{Philosophy:} Assigns rational structure to “nothingness,” offering measurable meaning.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Comparative Table: Traditional vs PAS}
+\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
+\hline
+Problem & Traditional Method & PAS Method (0.717) \\
+\hline
+$\lim_{x \to 0} \sin(x)/x$ & $1$ (L’Hôpital) & $0.94$ (direct PAS) \\
+\hline
+$\lim_{x \to 0} (1-e^{-x})/x$ & $1$ (series) & $0.51$ (PAS substitution) \\
+\hline
+Derivative of $1/x$ & Undefined ($\infty$) & $-1/(0.717\epsilon)^2$ (bounded) \\
+\hline
+Entropy $x \ln(x)$ as $x \to 0$ & Diverges & $-0.717$ (bounded) \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\subsection{Philosophical Closure}
+Zero symbolized nothing; PAS gives meaning to nothing. In the words of the author:  
+\textit{“Zero was once the symbol of nothing. PAS is the number that gives meaning to nothing.”}
+
+\subsection{References}
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Patil, S.A. (2007). \textit{PAS Constant: Rationalizing Limits and Derivatives}, Copyright L-28659/2007.
+  \item Rudin, W. \textit{Principles of Mathematical Analysis}.
+  \item Spivak, M. \textit{Calculus}.
+  \item Russell, B. \textit{Principles of Mathematics}.
+  \item Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – \textit{Zero and Nothingness}.
+\end{itemize}