From 36cab667de883dac7f19afd929bf397962f09fab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "codeflash-ai[bot]"
 <148906541+codeflash-ai[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 23:32:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Optimize _negotiate_grid_size
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The optimization achieves a **338% speedup** by replacing expensive operations with more efficient alternatives and eliminating loops:

**Key optimizations:**

1. **Replace `math.ceil(np.sqrt())` with `math.isqrt()`**: The original code used NumPy's square root followed by math ceiling, which is computationally expensive. The optimized version uses Python's `math.isqrt()` for efficient integer square root calculation, then adds 1 only when needed for non-perfect squares.

2. **Eliminate the while loop**: Instead of iteratively decrementing `proposed_rows` until the grid fits, the optimized code directly calculates the required rows using ceiling division: `(images_len + proposed_columns - 1) // proposed_columns`. This removes the need for multiple iterations and condition checks.

3. **Cache `len(images)`**: Store the length in `images_len` variable to avoid repeated function calls.

**Performance impact by test case:**
- **Small inputs (≤3 images)**: Slight overhead (~1-13% slower) due to additional variable assignment, but these cases use the fast single-row path anyway
- **Medium to large inputs (≥4 images)**: Dramatic speedups of 300-500% because they avoid the expensive `np.sqrt()` + `math.ceil()` combination and the iterative loop
- **Perfect squares**: Particularly benefit from `math.isqrt()` efficiency
- **Large datasets (900+ images)**: Consistent 300-400% improvements due to eliminating loop iterations

The optimization is most effective for the common case where images need to be arranged in a multi-row grid, transforming an O(sqrt(n)) iterative process into O(1) direct calculation.
---
 inference/core/utils/drawing.py | 17 +++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/inference/core/utils/drawing.py b/inference/core/utils/drawing.py
index 4d8d6b9c8d..13c23b563a 100644
--- a/inference/core/utils/drawing.py
+++ b/inference/core/utils/drawing.py
@@ -82,13 +82,18 @@ def _establish_grid_size(
 
 
 def _negotiate_grid_size(images: List[np.ndarray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
-    if len(images) <= MAX_COLUMNS_FOR_SINGLE_ROW_GRID:
-        return 1, len(images)
-    nearest_sqrt = math.ceil(np.sqrt(len(images)))
+    images_len = len(images)
+    if images_len <= MAX_COLUMNS_FOR_SINGLE_ROW_GRID:
+        return 1, images_len
+    # Use math.isqrt for efficient integer sqrt calculation
+    sqrt_len = math.isqrt(images_len)
+    if sqrt_len * sqrt_len == images_len:
+        nearest_sqrt = sqrt_len
+    else:
+        nearest_sqrt = sqrt_len + 1
     proposed_columns = nearest_sqrt
-    proposed_rows = nearest_sqrt
-    while proposed_columns * (proposed_rows - 1) >= len(images):
-        proposed_rows -= 1
+    # Directly compute proposed_rows without a loop
+    proposed_rows = (images_len + proposed_columns - 1) // proposed_columns
     return proposed_rows, proposed_columns