diff --git a/Sources/SkipSyntax/Kotlin/KotlinUnitTestTransformer.swift b/Sources/SkipSyntax/Kotlin/KotlinUnitTestTransformer.swift
index de9b59cd..afb603fa 100644
--- a/Sources/SkipSyntax/Kotlin/KotlinUnitTestTransformer.swift
+++ b/Sources/SkipSyntax/Kotlin/KotlinUnitTestTransformer.swift
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ final class KotlinUnitTestTransformer: KotlinTransformer {
     /// Types annotated with `@Suite` in Swift source.
     private var swiftTestingSuites: [Source.FilePath: Set<String>] = [:]
 
-    static let testRunnerAnnotation: String? = nil // was: "@org.junit.runner.RunWith(androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4::class)"
-
     func gather(from syntaxTree: SyntaxTree) {
         var testFunctions: Set<String> = []
         var suiteTypes: Set<String> = []
@@ -88,11 +86,7 @@ final class KotlinUnitTestTransformer: KotlinTransformer {
                     } else {
                         functionDeclaration.annotations += ["@Test"]
                     }
-                    if let testRunnerAnnotation = Self.testRunnerAnnotation {
-                        if !owningClass.annotations.contains(testRunnerAnnotation) {
-                            owningClass.annotations += [testRunnerAnnotation]
-                        }
-                    }
+                    owningClass.addTestRunnerAnnotation()
                     // For Swift Testing @Suite types that don't extend XCTestCase,
                     // make them implement the XCTestCase interface for assertion access
                     if isSwiftTesting && !isXCTest {
@@ -141,9 +135,7 @@ final class KotlinUnitTestTransformer: KotlinTransformer {
         let classDeclaration = KotlinClassDeclaration(name: className, signature: .named(className, []), declarationType: .classDeclaration)
         classDeclaration.modifiers = Modifiers(isFinal: true)
         classDeclaration.inherits = [.named("XCTestCase", [])]
-        if let testRunnerAnnotation = Self.testRunnerAnnotation {
-            classDeclaration.annotations = [testRunnerAnnotation]
-        }
+        classDeclaration.addTestRunnerAnnotation()
         classDeclaration.extras = functionDeclaration.extras
 
         // Move the function into the class
@@ -215,3 +207,23 @@ final class KotlinUnitTestTransformer: KotlinTransformer {
         return infos.contains { $0.inherits.contains { $0.isNamed("XCTestCase", moduleName: "XCTest", generics: []) } }
     }
 }
+
+extension KotlinClassDeclaration {
+    /// A default annotation to add to generated test cases, which is required by Robolectric to correcly mock various Android API
+    ///
+    /// Failure to include this will result in errors like:
+    /// ```
+    /// java.lang.RuntimeException: Method parse in android.net.Uri not mocked.
+    /// ```
+    /// See also: https://developer.android.com/training/testing/local-tests#mocking-dependencies
+    static let testRunnerAnnotation: String? = "@org.junit.runner.RunWith(androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4::class)"
+
+    func addTestRunnerAnnotation() {
+        if let testRunnerAnnotation = Self.testRunnerAnnotation {
+            // only add the annotation of the class itself has not already specified an annotation
+            if !self.annotations.contains(where: { $0.hasPrefix("@org.junit.runner.RunWith(") || $0.hasPrefix("@RunWith(") }) {
+                self.annotations += [testRunnerAnnotation]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/TransformerTests.swift b/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/TransformerTests.swift
index f7b87ec9..da42e005 100644
--- a/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/TransformerTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/TransformerTests.swift
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
 
 import XCTest
+@testable import SkipSyntax
+
+let testRunnerAnnotation: String = KotlinClassDeclaration.testRunnerAnnotation?.appending("\n") ?? ""
 
 final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
     func testUnitTestTransformer() async throws {
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal open class TestCase: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal open class TestCase: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal open fun testSomeTest() = Unit
 
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
 
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal open class TestCase: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal open class TestCase: XCTestCase {
 
             @OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
             @Test
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun addition(): Unit = expectEqual(1 + 1, 2)
         }
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun boolCheck() {
                 val x = true
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun inequality(): Unit = expectNotEqual(1, 2)
         }
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class MyTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun unwrap() {
                 val x: Int? = 42
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class MathTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class MathTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun addition(): Unit = expectEqual(2 + 2, 4)
 
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class CompTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class CompTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun comparisons() {
                 expectGreaterThan(5, 3)
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class AdditionTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class AdditionTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun addition(): Unit = expectEqual(1 + 2, 3)
         }
@@ -252,12 +255,12 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class AdditionTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class AdditionTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun addition(): Unit = expectEqual(1 + 1, 2)
         }
 
-        internal class SubtractionTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class SubtractionTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun subtraction(): Unit = expectEqual(5 - 3, 2)
         }
@@ -277,7 +280,7 @@ final class TransformerTests: XCTestCase {
         """, kotlin: """
         import skip.unit.*
 
-        internal class BoolCheckTests: XCTestCase {
+        \(testRunnerAnnotation)internal class BoolCheckTests: XCTestCase {
             @Test
             internal fun boolCheck() {
                 val x = true
diff --git a/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/XCTestCaseAdditions.swift b/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/XCTestCaseAdditions.swift
index 2b1ae561..92c13f6f 100644
--- a/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/XCTestCaseAdditions.swift
+++ b/Tests/SkipSyntaxTests/XCTestCaseAdditions.swift
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ extension XCTestCase {
         ].compactMap({ $0 })
 
         do {
-            let result = try await Process.checkNonZeroExit(arguments: args, environment: env, loggingHandler: { msg in
+            let result = try await Process.checkNonZeroExit(arguments: args, environmentBlock: .init(env), loggingHandler: { msg in
                 print("kotlinc> " + msg)
             })