diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e6866fb886c0..b4058a7729bf 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Allow `@tailwindcss/cli` in `--watch` mode to use polling with `--poll` when filesystem events are unreliable or unavailable ([#20297](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/20297))
 - Canonicalization: match arbitrary hex colors against theme colors case-insensitively (e.g. `bg-[#fff]` and `bg-[#FFF]` → `bg-white`) ([#20298](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/20298))
 - Prevent Preflight from overriding Firefox's native `iframe:focus-visible` outline styles ([#20292](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/20292))
+- Prevent `theme('colors.foo')` in JS plugins from returning an internal disambiguation object when a CSS theme key shares a prefix with a sibling key like `--color-foo-bar` ([#20299](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/20299))
 
 ## [4.3.2] - 2026-06-26
 
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
index e3ea3fb07492..2ecdbe9a3202 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
@@ -635,6 +635,46 @@ describe('theme', async () => {
     })
   })
 
+  test('theme() resolves the DEFAULT value when a bare CSS theme key shares a prefix with a sibling key', async () => {
+    expect(
+      await run(
+        ['example-foo', 'example-foo-bar'],
+        css`
+          @tailwind utilities;
+          @theme {
+            --color-foo: red;
+            --color-foo-bar: blue;
+          }
+          @plugin "my-plugin";
+        `,
+        {
+          loadModule: async (_id, base) => {
+            return {
+              path: '',
+              base,
+              module: plugin(function ({ addUtilities, theme }) {
+                addUtilities({
+                  '.example-foo': { color: theme('colors.foo') },
+                  '.example-foo-bar': { color: theme('colors.foo-bar') },
+                })
+              }),
+            }
+          },
+        },
+      ),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "
+      .example-foo {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      .example-foo-bar {
+        color: #00f;
+      }
+      "
+    `)
+  })
+
   test('all necessary theme keys support bare values', async () => {
     expect(
       await run(
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
index 40b8c93e89f1..ee795c40f16d 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
@@ -100,6 +100,23 @@ export function createThemeFn(
         return [base, extra]
       }
 
+      // If `--color-foo` and `--color-foo-bar` are both defined, `colors.foo`
+      // produces a synthetic object:
+      //
+      // ```ts
+      // { DEFAULT: 'red', bar: 'blue', __CSS_VALUES__: { DEFAULT: 0, bar: 0 } }
+      // ```
+      //
+      // Prefer `DEFAULT` instead of exposing the object to plugin code.
+      if (
+        cssValue !== null &&
+        typeof cssValue === 'object' &&
+        !Array.isArray(cssValue) &&
+        'DEFAULT' in cssValue
+      ) {
+        return cssValue.DEFAULT
+      }
+
       // Values from CSS take precedence over values from the config
       return cssValue ?? configValue
     })()