diff --git a/src/controller/eme-controller.ts b/src/controller/eme-controller.ts
index e09f0216c4f..5c906835b32 100644
--- a/src/controller/eme-controller.ts
+++ b/src/controller/eme-controller.ts
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ import {
   requestMediaKeySystemAccess,
 } from '../utils/mediakeys-helper';
 import { KeySystemFormats } from '../utils/mediakeys-helper';
-import { bin2str, parseMultiPssh, parseSinf } from '../utils/mp4-tools';
-import { base64Decode } from '../utils/numeric-encoding-utils';
+import { parseMultiPssh, parseSinf } from '../utils/mp4-tools';
+import { base64Decode, bin2str } from '../utils/numeric-encoding-utils';
 import { stringify } from '../utils/safe-json-stringify';
 import { strToUtf8array } from '../utils/utf8-utils';
 import type { EMEControllerConfig, HlsConfig, LoadPolicy } from '../config';
@@ -1364,10 +1364,7 @@ class EMEController extends Logger implements ComponentAPI {
     // actual license request) and any HttpHeader elements (sent as request
     // headers).
     // For PlayReady CDMs, we need to dig the Challenge out of the XML.
-    const xmlString = String.fromCharCode.apply(
-      null,
-      new Uint16Array(licenseChallenge.buffer),
-    );
+    const xmlString = bin2str(new Uint16Array(licenseChallenge.buffer));
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     if (!xmlString.includes('PlayReadyKeyMessage')) {
       // This does not appear to be a wrapped message as on Edge.  Some
diff --git a/src/controller/fragment-finders.ts b/src/controller/fragment-finders.ts
index 73cc6418d86..84fae582f95 100644
--- a/src/controller/fragment-finders.ts
+++ b/src/controller/fragment-finders.ts
@@ -205,21 +205,6 @@ export function pdtWithinToleranceTest(
   return endProgramDateTime - candidateLookupTolerance > pdtBufferEnd;
 }
 
-export function findFragWithCC(
-  fragments: MediaFragment[],
-  cc: number,
-): MediaFragment | null {
-  return BinarySearch.search(fragments, (candidate) => {
-    if (candidate.cc < cc) {
-      return 1;
-    } else if (candidate.cc > cc) {
-      return -1;
-    } else {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
 export function findNearestWithCC(
   details: LevelDetails | undefined,
   cc: number,
diff --git a/src/demux/video/exp-golomb.ts b/src/demux/video/exp-golomb.ts
index 57d38c0eb31..7d229afa087 100644
--- a/src/demux/video/exp-golomb.ts
+++ b/src/demux/video/exp-golomb.ts
@@ -138,16 +138,6 @@ class ExpGolomb {
   readUByte(): number {
     return this.readBits(8);
   }
-
-  // ():int
-  readUShort(): number {
-    return this.readBits(16);
-  }
-
-  // ():int
-  readUInt(): number {
-    return this.readBits(32);
-  }
 }
 
 export default ExpGolomb;
diff --git a/src/demux/video/hevc-video-parser.ts b/src/demux/video/hevc-video-parser.ts
index 16528f24fac..b547cf2086b 100644
--- a/src/demux/video/hevc-video-parser.ts
+++ b/src/demux/video/hevc-video-parser.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import BaseVideoParser from './base-video-parser';
 import ExpGolomb from './exp-golomb';
 import { parseSEIMessageFromNALu } from '../../utils/mp4-tools';
+import { bin2str } from '../../utils/numeric-encoding-utils';
 import type {
   DemuxedUserdataTrack,
   DemuxedVideoTrack,
@@ -764,10 +765,7 @@ class HevcVideoParser extends BaseVideoParser {
 
   matchSPS(sps1: Uint8Array, sps2: Uint8Array): boolean {
     // compare without headers and VPS related params
-    return (
-      String.fromCharCode.apply(null, sps1).substr(3) ===
-      String.fromCharCode.apply(null, sps2).substr(3)
-    );
+    return bin2str(sps1).substring(3) === bin2str(sps2).substring(3);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/chunker.ts b/src/utils/chunker.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4182faafab8..00000000000
--- a/src/utils/chunker.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-import { appendUint8Array } from './mp4-tools';
-
-export default class Chunker {
-  private chunkSize: number;
-  public cache: Uint8Array | null = null;
-  constructor(chunkSize = Math.pow(2, 19)) {
-    this.chunkSize = chunkSize;
-  }
-
-  public push(data: Uint8Array): Array<Uint8Array> {
-    const { cache, chunkSize } = this;
-    const result: Array<Uint8Array> = [];
-
-    let temp: Uint8Array | null = null;
-    if (cache?.length) {
-      temp = appendUint8Array(cache, data);
-      this.cache = null;
-    } else {
-      temp = data;
-    }
-
-    if (temp.length < chunkSize) {
-      this.cache = temp;
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    if (temp.length > chunkSize) {
-      let offset = 0;
-      const len = temp.length;
-      while (offset < len - chunkSize) {
-        result.push(temp.slice(offset, offset + chunkSize));
-        offset += chunkSize;
-      }
-      this.cache = temp.slice(offset);
-    } else {
-      result.push(temp);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/utils/hex.ts b/src/utils/hex.ts
index 2bc66b55132..79f7286ade8 100644
--- a/src/utils/hex.ts
+++ b/src/utils/hex.ts
@@ -24,9 +24,3 @@ export function hexToArrayBuffer(str: string): ArrayBuffer {
       .split(' '),
   ).buffer;
 }
-
-const Hex = {
-  hexDump: arrayToHex,
-};
-
-export default Hex;
diff --git a/src/utils/level-helper.ts b/src/utils/level-helper.ts
index 096fd76c8d9..7c7399e73c8 100644
--- a/src/utils/level-helper.ts
+++ b/src/utils/level-helper.ts
@@ -19,16 +19,6 @@ type FragmentIntersection = (
 ) => void;
 type PartIntersection = (oldPart: Part, newPart: Part) => void;
 
-export function updatePTS(
-  fragments: MediaFragment[],
-  fromIdx: number,
-  toIdx: number,
-): void {
-  const fragFrom = fragments[fromIdx];
-  const fragTo = fragments[toIdx];
-  updateFromToPTS(fragFrom, fragTo);
-}
-
 function updateFromToPTS(fragFrom: MediaFragment, fragTo: MediaFragment) {
   const fragToPTS = fragTo.startPTS as number;
   // if we know startPTS[toIdx]
diff --git a/src/utils/mediakeys-helper.ts b/src/utils/mediakeys-helper.ts
index 5d9f5e2f64e..d64ecf9e6c2 100755
--- a/src/utils/mediakeys-helper.ts
+++ b/src/utils/mediakeys-helper.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { optionalSelf } from './global';
 import { changeEndianness } from './keysystem-util';
-import { base64Decode } from './numeric-encoding-utils';
+import { base64Decode, bin2str } from './numeric-encoding-utils';
 import type { DRMSystemOptions, EMEControllerConfig } from '../config';
 
 /**
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export function parsePlayReadyWRM(keyBytes: Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>) {
     keyBytes.byteOffset,
     keyBytes.byteLength / 2,
   );
-  const keyByteStr = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, Array.from(keyBytesUtf16));
+  const keyByteStr = bin2str(keyBytesUtf16);
 
   // Parse Playready WRMHeader XML
   const xmlKeyBytes = keyByteStr.substring(
diff --git a/src/utils/mp4-tools.ts b/src/utils/mp4-tools.ts
index b871c47b20b..3de9c2dc8df 100644
--- a/src/utils/mp4-tools.ts
+++ b/src/utils/mp4-tools.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { utf8ArrayToStr } from '@svta/cml-id3';
 import { arrayToHex } from './hex';
+import { bin2str } from './numeric-encoding-utils';
 import { ElementaryStreamTypes } from '../loader/fragment';
 import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
 import type { ChunkMetadata } from '../hls';
@@ -72,28 +73,24 @@ export const RemuxerTrackIdConfig = {
   text: 4,
 };
 
-export function bin2str(data: Uint8Array): string {
-  return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, data);
-}
-
-export function readUint16(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
+function readUint16(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
   const val = (buffer[offset] << 8) | buffer[offset + 1];
   return val < 0 ? 65536 + val : val;
 }
 
-export function readUint32(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
+function readUint32(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
   const val = readSint32(buffer, offset);
   return val < 0 ? 4294967296 + val : val;
 }
 
-export function readUint64(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number) {
+function readUint64(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number) {
   let result = readUint32(buffer, offset);
   result *= Math.pow(2, 32);
   result += readUint32(buffer, offset + 4);
   return result;
 }
 
-export function readSint32(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
+function readSint32(buffer: Uint8Array, offset: number): number {
   return (
     (buffer[offset] << 24) |
     (buffer[offset + 1] << 16) |
diff --git a/src/utils/numeric-encoding-utils.ts b/src/utils/numeric-encoding-utils.ts
index c87eb4d31b5..368d9b559a7 100644
--- a/src/utils/numeric-encoding-utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils/numeric-encoding-utils.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,7 @@
-export function base64ToBase64Url(base64encodedStr: string): string {
-  return base64encodedStr
-    .replace(/\+/g, '-')
-    .replace(/\//g, '_')
-    .replace(/=+$/, '');
-}
-
-export function strToBase64Encode(str: string): string {
-  return btoa(str);
-}
-
-export function base64DecodeToStr(str: string): string {
-  return atob(str);
-}
-
-export function base64Encode(input: Uint8Array): string {
-  return btoa(String.fromCharCode(...input));
-}
-
-export function base64UrlEncode(input: Uint8Array): string {
-  return base64ToBase64Url(base64Encode(input));
-}
-
 export function base64Decode(base64encodedStr: string) {
   return Uint8Array.from(atob(base64encodedStr), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0));
 }
+
+export function bin2str(data: number[] | Uint8Array | Uint16Array): string {
+  return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, data);
+}