An MCP server for source-grounded web research. It searches the web, fetches and extracts pages, pulls structured data out of tables/files/APIs, and — the part that sets it apart — verifies that a claim is actually supported by its source instead of trusting a snippet. 45 tools over stdio MCP, driven by any MCP client (Claude Desktop, Cursor) or by the companion Scholiast research agent.

The design priority is trustworthiness over convenience: search snippets are treated as discovery only, every fetched page is cached with provenance, and claims are checked against the source text before they count. It also degrades gracefully — with no API keys and no config it still works (scraped search + an automatic headless-browser fallback + an offline verification heuristic); keys and env vars only make it better.

Quick start

From PyPI (Python ≥ 3.10):

pip install footnote-mcp
python -m playwright install chromium   # the headless browser used by the fetch fallback
footnote-mcp                            # start the server (speaks MCP over stdio)

Or from source:

python3 -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -e .                        # installs the `footnote-mcp` console script + deps
python -m playwright install chromium   # the headless browser used by the fetch fallback
footnote-mcp                            # start the server (speaks MCP over stdio)

footnote-mcp now waits for an MCP client on stdio. Point a client at it by dropping this into its MCP settings (Claude Desktop: claude_desktop_config.json; Cursor: ~/.cursor/mcp.json):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "footnote": { "command": "footnote-mcp" }
  }
}

Hosted MCP endpoint (Render)

This repository also includes an authenticated Streamable HTTP deployment. The stdio command above remains the recommended local option; the hosted endpoint is for MCP clients that support remote servers.

1. Push this repository to GitHub, then create a Render Blueprint from it. Render reads render.yaml, builds the included Dockerfile (including Chromium and Tesseract), and exposes the health check at /healthz.
2. Choose a unique service name, then set FOOTNOTE_MCP_PUBLIC_URL in Render to its exact public origin, for example https://my-footnote-mcp.onrender.com. FOOTNOTE_MCP_API_KEY is generated by the Blueprint; it is the owner key. Keep it secret and use it only for administration/testing.
3. Connect an MCP client to https://my-footnote-mcp.onrender.com/mcp with:

Authorization: Bearer <FOOTNOTE_MCP_API_KEY>

The API key is required: a public, unauthenticated research and browser server would let strangers consume its outbound traffic and call its tools. The service also validates its configured public host and browser Origin to protect the MCP endpoint from DNS rebinding.

Render Free is suitable for demos, not production: it sleeps after 15 minutes of inactivity, cold starts take about a minute, and both outbound bandwidth and instance hours are limited. The filesystem is ephemeral, so do not rely on the source cache or browser profile persisting across restarts.

Giving access to other people

Never distribute the owner key. Create a separate random key for each person:

python -m footnote_mcp.keygen

Then update FOOTNOTE_MCP_API_KEYS in Render's Environment settings and redeploy. Its value is JSON, where each user has a key and a personal requests-per-minute limit:

{
  "alice": {"key": "fn_alice_key_here", "rpm": 20},
  "bob": {"key": "fn_bob_key_here", "rpm": 10}
}

Give each person only their own value. To revoke access, remove that user from the JSON and redeploy; the other keys keep working. Limits are held in memory, which is appropriate for this one-instance Free service and reset on restart.

No API keys are required to start — search falls back to scraping Bing + DuckDuckGo. Add keys later under "env" (see Search backends). Pass --headed to watch the browser tier work.

Optional runtime variables are documented in .env.example. Copy it to .env for local shells, or paste selected variables into your MCP client config:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "footnote": {
      "command": "footnote-mcp",
      "env": {
        "TAVILY_API_KEY": "..."
      }
    }
  }
}

To run without installing, straight from the source tree:

PYTHONPATH=src python -m footnote_mcp

Verifying claims — the differentiator

The reason to use this over a plain search tool is evidence_entailment and friends: they tell a claim a source supports from one it does not. benchmarks/run_benchmark.py measures that on a labeled set of claim/source pairs (and demos corroborate_claim and locate_claim_span):

python benchmarks/run_benchmark.py                    # offline heuristic (deterministic)
python benchmarks/run_benchmark.py --backend ollama   # LLM judge (needs ollama)

Offline-heuristic result on the labeled set (benchmarks/REPORT.md):

Set	n	Accuracy	Unsupported-claim catch rate	Precision on "supported"
Data domain (numeric + factual)	15	100%	100%	100%
Overall (incl. semantic)	18	83%	78%	80%

On its design domain — numeric and factual data claims — the offline heuristic never blesses an unsupported claim and never misses one. Its blind spot is purely-semantic negation/paraphrase; for those, evidence_entailment with backend="ollama" (a local LLM judge) closes the gap. Run the --backend ollama line above to score that path on your own machine.

Tools

Discovery and reading (12 tools)

Tool	Description
web_search	Configured SearXNG first, then keyed providers, then scraped Bing + DuckDuckGo. Snippets are discovery only.
web_search_recent	Search restricted to a recency window (day/week/month/year).
web_deep_search	Automatically route across web/papers/encyclopedia/GitHub/archive sources, then fetch, extract, rerank, and return source context.
web_read	Fetch one URL, extract text, classify source quality, persist cache metadata.
papers_search	Search Crossref and arXiv through one normalized, zero-key paper contract.
encyclopedia_search	Search Wikipedia/Wikidata entities or run read-only Wikidata SPARQL.
github_search	Search public repositories, issues, code, or commits; authentication is optional.
archive_search	Find URL captures through Wayback Machine and Common Crawl, optionally extracting archived text.
web_archive_fetch	Find the closest Wayback Machine snapshot for a dead/changed URL.
web_fetch_authenticated	Fetch a page that needs cookies or custom headers.
web_crawl	Breadth-first crawl from a start URL, on-host by default (≤ 50 pages).
generate_search_queries	Generate operator queries (site:, filetype:csv, API/data-table variants).

Structured data (9 tools)

Tool	Description
web_extract_tables	Parse HTML tables into columns/rows with source-URL provenance.
web_detect_downloads	Detect linked CSV/TSV/XLS/XLSX/PDF/JSON/XML files.
web_parse_file	Download and parse CSV/TSV/XLS/XLSX/PDF/JSON.
web_fetch_json	Fetch direct API/JSON endpoints into parsed JSON.
check_date_completeness	Validate required date coverage (day/week/month).
resolve_units	Detect currencies, currency pairs, measurement units.
validate_unit_rows	Reject rows with incompatible units or currency pairs.
reconcile_time_series	Align series on a key, compute deltas, flag missing keys/outliers.
export_dataset	Write consolidated rows to a csv/xlsx/json file.

Source quality and verification (8 tools)

Tool	Description
classify_source	Classify official / aggregator / blog / forum / interactive / blocked / error.
evidence_entailment	Strict claim-vs-source checker: heuristic, auto, ollama, optional local_nli.
corroborate_claim	Triangulate a claim across excerpts (corroborated / conflicting / single_source / …).
locate_claim_span	Locate supporting sentence(s) with char offsets and a containment score.
source_cache_get / source_cache_put	Inspect and write persistent source-cache entries.
build_research_debug_report	Compact report of queries, URLs, source quality, verification gaps.
startup_health_check	Check parser, OCR, browser, and cache dependencies.

Controlled extraction recipes (6 tools)

When generic parsers fail, synthesize a sandboxed parser:

Tool	Description
tool_spec_propose	Propose a task-specific extraction recipe spec.
tool_code_generate	Generate a starter extract(source_text, input_payload) recipe.
tool_code_validate	Validate recipe code against a static safety allowlist.
tool_code_run_sandboxed	Run validated code in a limited subprocess (JSON output only).
tool_promote	Save a validated recipe as reusable memory (no server edit).
recipe_registry	Manage promoted recipes: list / get / run / delete.

Browser fallback (10 tools)

A controlled Chromium session for JS-heavy or interactive pages:

Tool	Description
web_navigate · web_snapshot · web_click · web_type · web_extract · web_scroll	Drive a page via stable element refs.
browser_set_date_range · browser_extract_tables · browser_extract_tables_for_date_range	Set a date range, submit, extract visible tables.
web_screenshot	Save a PNG and optionally OCR text locked inside the image.

Search backends

web_search routes through a provider layer. A configured zero-key SearXNG instance is tried first, followed by keyed providers and finally scraped Bing + DuckDuckGo. Results are normalized to one shape regardless of backend.

Provider	Env vars	Notes
SearXNG	FOOTNOTE_SEARXNG_URL (or SEARXNG_URL)	Zero-key JSON API; instance must enable JSON output.
Tavily	TAVILY_API_KEY	LLM-oriented search API.
Brave	BRAVE_API_KEY	Independent web index.
Google	GOOGLE_API_KEY + GOOGLE_CSE_ID	Programmable Search (Custom Search JSON API).
Bing + DuckDuckGo	none	Default fallback; scraped, no key.

auto (default) tries configured providers in order SearXNG → Tavily → Brave → Google, then scrapes. Force one with the provider argument (searxng/tavily/brave/google/scrape).

Specialized zero-key discovery

The public MCP surface is organized by user intent rather than by HTTP API:

Intent tool	Backends	Routing notes
papers_search	Crossref + arXiv	source=auto queries both; force either backend when needed.
encyclopedia_search	Wikipedia + Wikidata	Entity search by default; optional read-only SPARQL for structured facts.
github_search	GitHub REST search	Public zero-key requests work at GitHub's unauthenticated rate limit; GITHUB_TOKEN is optional.
archive_search	Wayback + Common Crawl	Accepts a URL/host pattern. fetch_text=true attempts archived-content extraction.

All four return title, url, snippet, published, authors, source, and source_type where those fields apply. web_deep_search accepts an optional sources array (web, papers, encyclopedia, github, archive). With an empty array it always uses general web discovery and adds specialized sources when the query signals their intent.

Semantic reranking. Pass semantic: true to web_search to reorder by meaning rather than keyword overlap: it over-fetches, embeds query and results with a local ollama model, and sorts by cosine similarity (each result gains semantic_score). Best-effort — if ollama is unavailable the original order is returned. Model: FOOTNOTE_EMBED_MODEL (default bge-m3).

Fetching & anti-bot ladder

web_read fetches through an escalation ladder (scraper.py): the cheapest method runs first and escalates only when a result looks blocked or empty. A block/quality detector decides when to escalate; a per-domain rate limiter, circuit breaker, and negative cache keep it polite. The tier used and the full attempt trace come back in fetch_tier / scrape_tiers.

Tier	Method	Enabled by
1	HTTP (curl_cffi TLS impersonation)	always
2	HTTP through a rotating proxy	FOOTNOTE_PROXIES set
3	Headless Chromium (runs JavaScript)	FOOTNOTE_BROWSER_FALLBACK=1 (default on)
4	Chromium through a proxy	proxies + browser
5	Hosted scrape API (Firecrawl / ScrapingBee)	FOOTNOTE_SCRAPE_API set

With nothing configured it is the plain HTTP path plus an automatic browser fallback for JavaScript-rendered pages.

Env var	Default	Purpose
FOOTNOTE_BROWSER_FALLBACK	1	Escalate blocked/JS pages to headless Chromium.
FOOTNOTE_PROXIES	(none)	Comma-separated proxy URLs; sticky per domain with health tracking.
FOOTNOTE_SCRAPE_API	(none)	firecrawl or scrapingbee (needs the matching API key).
FOOTNOTE_DOMAIN_RPS / _BURST	3 / 5	Per-domain rate limit (token bucket).
FOOTNOTE_BREAKER_THRESHOLD / _COOLDOWN	5 / 120	Per-domain circuit breaker.
FOOTNOTE_NEGCACHE_TTL	300	Seconds to remember a blocked URL.
FOOTNOTE_THIN_CONTENT_CHARS	200	Below this extracted length, a script-heavy page counts as a JS shell.

Runtime data

~/.footnote-mcp/source_cache/        # persistent page cache (with provenance)
~/.footnote-mcp/research_memory.json # persistent research memory

Override the cache location with FOOTNOTE_SOURCE_CACHE=/path/to/cache footnote-mcp.

check_date_completeness supports the calendars calendar, business_day, crypto_24_7, forex_weekday, us_business_day, and ru_business_day (pass explicit holidays for source-specific ones; the us_/ru_ variants use the optional holidays package).

Other install paths

Docker bundles Chromium and tesseract — nothing else to install:

docker build -t footnote-mcp .
docker run -i --rm footnote-mcp        # the client launches this; see MCP config below

Published images are available from GitHub Container Registry:

docker run -i --rm ghcr.io/kazkozdev/footnote-mcp:0.2.3
docker run -i --rm ghcr.io/kazkozdev/footnote-mcp:latest

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "footnote": {
      "command": "docker",
      "args": ["run", "-i", "--rm", "ghcr.io/kazkozdev/footnote-mcp:latest"]
    }
  }
}

pipx / uvx (isolated install of the entry point):

pipx install /path/to/footnote-mcp          # or: pipx install git+<repo-url>
uvx --from /path/to/footnote-mcp footnote-mcp   # ad-hoc, no install

OCR. PDF/image OCR uses pytesseract + the system tesseract binary (brew install tesseract on macOS). Local NLI backend for evidence_entailment backend="local_nli": pip install -r requirements-nli.txt (model via FOOTNOTE_NLI_MODEL). Either way, startup_health_check reports what is actually available. Runtime dependency ranges are declared in pyproject.toml and mirrored in requirements.txt.

Tests

pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
python -m pytest -q          # offline unit + smoke tests; no network or keys needed

tests/test_mcp_smoke.py launches the server over real MCP stdio and exercises the tools end to end against a local HTTP fixture; the rest are offline unit tests of the parsers, fetch ladder, search providers, and dispatch. The live search test is opt-in:

RUN_LIVE_WEB_TESTS=1 python -m pytest -m live

CI runs the same suite (.github/workflows/tests.yml).

License

MIT — see LICENSE.