Raise WordPress upload limits and prevent false-positive upload 403s

nginx/conf.d/spx-bot-mitigation-logic.conf

@@ -61,3 +61,12 @@ map "$ua_block_type:$empty_ua_geo_block" $block_reason {
     "1:1"        "malformed_or_scanner";
     default      "";
 }
+
+# 6. Hard-block subset used by upload handlers.
+# Upload routes may bypass soft UA/geo-only signals to reduce false positives,
+# but must still enforce hard security blocks (scanner/header-injection/legacy UA).
+map $block_reason $hard_block_reason {
+    default                  $block_reason;
+    "empty_user_agent"       "";
+    "empty_ua_high_risk_geo" "";
+}

nginx/snippets/spx-upload-limits.conf

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 # Shared WordPress upload route overrides
 # Keep this snippet included in every HTTPS WordPress vhost server block.
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# NOTE: These upload handlers bypass soft $block_reason UA/geo checks to avoid
+# false-positive 403s on legitimate upload clients, but still enforce
+# $hard_block_reason hard security blocks. Method restrictions and rate limits
+# still apply in these handlers, while upload authorization is enforced by
+# WordPress upstream.
 
 # WordPress plugin/theme ZIP uploader — raised body limit for this single
 # handler only. update.php processes plugin and theme uploads submitted via
@@ -10,8 +16,6 @@
 # than on the broad /wp-admin/ prefix so all other admin routes stay at the
 # safe 10m global default.
 location = /wp-admin/update.php {
-    if ($block_reason != "") { return 403; }
-
     # 64m covers the vast majority of plugin/theme archives while remaining
     # well below the 100m cap used for media uploads.
     client_max_body_size 64m;
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ location = /wp-admin/update.php {
         deny all;
     }
 
+    if ($hard_block_reason != "") { return 403; }
     limit_req zone=spx_wp_admin burst=150 nodelay;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-standard-proxy-headers.conf;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-dynamic-proxy-headers.conf;
@@ -33,8 +38,6 @@ location = /wp-admin/update.php {
 
 # WP admin async upload — POST only; uses wp_admin rate zone.
 location = /wp-admin/async-upload.php {
-    if ($block_reason != "") { return 403; }
-
     client_max_body_size 100m;
 
     if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
@@ -46,16 +49,17 @@ location = /wp-admin/async-upload.php {
         deny all;
     }
 
+    if ($hard_block_reason != "") { return 403; }
     limit_req zone=spx_wp_admin burst=150 nodelay;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-standard-proxy-headers.conf;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-dynamic-proxy-headers.conf;
     proxy_pass http://varnish_backend;
 }
 
 # WP REST API media — GET/HEAD for reads, POST for uploads, OPTIONS for CORS.
-location ~* ^/wp-json/wp/v2/media {
-    if ($block_reason != "") { return 403; }
-
+# Pattern matches only the collection endpoint and numeric single-item paths
+# (/wp-json/wp/v2/media and /wp-json/wp/v2/media/{id}); nothing broader.
+location ~* ^/wp-json/wp/v2/media(/[0-9]+)?$ {
     client_max_body_size 100m;
 
     if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ location ~* ^/wp-json/wp/v2/media {
         deny all;
     }
 
+    if ($hard_block_reason != "") { return 403; }
     limit_req zone=spx_general burst=200 nodelay;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-standard-proxy-headers.conf;
     include /etc/nginx/snippets/spx-dynamic-proxy-headers.conf;

var/www/html/.user.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+; =============================================================================
+; PHP-FPM per-directory upload size overrides
+; Deployed to: /var/www/html/.user.ini
+;
+; PHP-FPM scans for .user.ini files in the directory containing each requested
+; PHP file and all parent directories up to the document root, and caches the
+; result for user_ini.cache_ttl seconds (default typically 300). Settings placed
+; here apply to every PHP request served from /var/www/html/.
+;
+; NOTE: upload_max_filesize and post_max_size are PHP_INI_PERDIR entries that
+; must be configured via php.ini or an FPM pool .conf (not via ini_set()).
+; Web access to this file is blocked by the Nginx dotfile deny (location ~ /\. { deny all; })
+; and by Apache common-settings.conf (<Files "\.(env|ini|mo|conf|log|bak|htaccess|example|git|svn)$"> Require all denied).
+;
+; These values are aligned with the nginx per-route body-size limits:
+;   /wp-admin/update.php          → client_max_body_size 64m
+;   /wp-admin/async-upload.php    → client_max_body_size 100m
+;   /wp-json/wp/v2/media          → client_max_body_size 100m
+;
+; upload_max_filesize: individual file cap — set below the 100m Nginx limit so a
+;   multipart/form-data request (file + boundaries + fields) stays under the
+;   upstream request-size cap.
+;
+; post_max_size: total POST body cap — must exceed upload_max_filesize to leave
+;   room for multipart boundary and form fields. 100M provides ~5M headroom above
+;   the 95M file cap.
+;
+; Cloudflare hard cap: ~100 MB per request (plan-dependent). The effective limit
+; is still capped upstream.
+; =============================================================================
+
+upload_max_filesize = 95M
+post_max_size       = 100M