Introduction of informational pydoclint CI job on push and PR

[emlynsg]

Draft PR for presentation and discussion

This draft PR:

• introduces a new job in the CI that runs pydoclint, and reports on failing lines in each file of the repository
• adds to the pre-commit hook to include Ruff and a commented pydoclint step (to be reactivated when we have completed standardising the docstrings of the repository)
• fixes docstrings/type annotations that were causing pydoclint to fail when run.

Note: The graphix-qasm-parser dependency was causing the CI to fail, and was commented out.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 88.39%. Comparing base (03a89c9) to head (3fd0957).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #446      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   88.76%   88.39%   -0.37%     
==========================================
  Files          44       44              
  Lines        6308     6308              
==========================================
- Hits         5599     5576      -23     
- Misses        709      732      +23     

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