MODULE-4

Module 4 respository for lab

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1.### Program: Find the Minimum of Three Numbers

Aim:
To find and display the minimum of three numbers entered by the user using the conditional (ternary) operator.

Algorithm:

1. Start the program.
2. Declare three integer variables n1, n2, n3 and a variable min to store the minimum.
3. Read three numbers from the user.
4. Use the ternary operator to compare the numbers:
   • First, compare n1 and n2.
   • Then, compare the smaller of n1 and n2 with n3.
5. Store the smallest number in min.
6. Print the minimum number along with the input numbers.
7. End the program.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int n1, n2, n3, min;
    scanf("%d %d %d", &n1, &n2, &n3);

    min = (n1 < n2) ? ((n1 < n3) ? n1 : n3) : ((n2 < n3) ? n2 : n3);

    printf("Minimum between %d, %d and %d = %d", n1, n2, n3, min);
    return 0;
}

output:

Result: The program successfully determines and displays the smallest of the three numbers entered by the user.

2.### Program: Temperature Classification

Aim:
To classify the weather based on the temperature entered by the user and display an appropriate message.

Algorithm:

1. Start the program.
2. Declare a variable temp to store the temperature.
3. Read the temperature value from the user.
4. Use conditional statements to check the temperature range and print the corresponding message:
   • If temp < 0 → "Freezing weather"
   • If 0 ≤ temp ≤ 10 → "Cold weather"
   • If 10 < temp < 20 → "Very Cold weather"
   • If 20 ≤ temp ≤ 30 → "Normal in temp"
   • If 30 < temp < 40 → "It's Hot"
   • If temp ≥ 40 → "It's very hot"
5. End the program.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    float temp;
    scanf("%f", &temp);

    if (temp < 0)
        printf("Freezing weather.");
    else if (temp >= 0 && temp <= 10)
        printf("Cold weather.");
    else if (temp > 10 && temp < 20)
        printf("Very Cold weather.");
    else if (temp >= 20 && temp <= 30)
        printf("Normal in temp.");
    else if (temp > 30 && temp < 40)
        printf("It's Hot");
    else if (temp >= 40)
        printf("It's very hot.");

    return 0;
}

output

Result: The program evaluates the entered temperature and displays a message describing the type of weather accordingly.

3.### Program: Compare Two Strings

Aim:
To compare two strings entered by the user and determine whether they are the same or different.

Algorithm:

1. Start the program.
2. Declare two character arrays str1 and str2 to store the input strings.
3. Read both strings from the user.
4. Call the function compare(char a[], char b[]) to compare the strings:
   • Initialize flag = 0 and i = 0.
   • Use a while loop to traverse both strings simultaneously until the null character \0 is encountered.
   • If any corresponding characters differ, set flag = 1 and break the loop.
5. The function returns 0 if strings are the same, otherwise 1.
6. In main, check the return value and display:
   • "strings are same" if return value is 0.
   • "strings are not same" if return value is 1.
7. End the program.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>  

int compare(char[], char[]);  

int main()  
{  
    char str1[20]; // declaration of char array  
    char str2[20]; // declaration of char array  
    
    scanf("%s", str1);  
    scanf("%s", str2);  
    
    int c = compare(str1, str2); // calling compare() function  
    
    if (c == 0)  
        printf("strings are same");  
    else  
        printf("strings are not same");  
    
    return 0;  
}  

// Function to compare both the strings  
int compare(char a[], char b[])  
{  
    int flag = 0, i = 0;  
    
    while (a[i] != '\0' && b[i] != '\0')  
    {  
        if (a[i] != b[i])  
        {  
            flag = 1;  
            break; 
        }  
        i++;  
    }  
    
    if (flag == 0)  
        return 0;  
    else  
        return 1;  
}  

output

Result: The program successfully compares the two input strings and displays whether they are the same or not.

4.### Program: Count Spaces in a String

Aim:
To count the number of words in a string entered by the user.

Algorithm:

1. Start the program.
2. Declare a character array str[100] to store the input string.
3. Initialize a counter variable count = 0.
4. Read the input string using fgets().
5. Traverse the string using a loop until the null character \0 is encountered.
6. For each character, check:
   • If it is a space ' ' or newline '\n', increment count.
7. Optionally, handle cases where the string starts with a space or newline.
8. Print the total count of spaces.
9. End the program.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char str[100];
    int ind, count = 0;

    fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);

    for (ind = 0; str[ind] != '\0'; ind++) {
        if (str[ind] == ' ' || str[ind] == '\n') {
            count++;
        }
    }

    if (ind > 0 && (str[0] == ' ' || str[0] == '\n')) {
        count++;
    }

    printf("%d", count);
    return 0;
}

output

Result: The program counts and displays the total number of words in the entered string.

5.### Program: Convert a String to Uppercase

Aim:
To convert all lowercase characters in a string to uppercase and display the result.

Algorithm:

1. Start the program.
2. Declare a character array str[100] to store the input string.
3. Read the string from the user using fgets().
4. Traverse the string using a loop until the null character \0 is encountered.
5. For each character, use the toupper() function to convert it to uppercase.
6. Replace the original character with the uppercase character in the string.
7. Print the converted uppercase string.
8. End the program.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main()
{
    char str[100];
    int i;

    fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);

    for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
    }

    printf("%s", str);
    return 0;
}

output

Result: The program converts all lowercase letters in the entered string to uppercase and displays the resulting string.