docs: refresh post-v0.41.2 release

[abtreece]

Summary

Documentation audit after v0.41.2 release. Two classes of fixes:

1. Bump concrete user-facing version examples

• docs/installation.md — install URLs, RPM/DEB names, Docker tags, Dockerfile ARG
• docs/docker.md — image-tag table
• docs/development.md — --version sample output

All updated from v0.40.0 → v0.41.2.

2. Genericize release-process examples to vX.Y.Z placeholders

The release-workflow docs hardcoded v0.40.0/v0.40.0-rc.1 in git tag/git push examples. Those examples are illustrative — they don't refer to a current artifact — so pinning them to a version means they go stale every release. Switched to vX.Y.Z / vX.Y.Z-rc.N placeholders in:

• CLAUDE.md
• CONTRIBUTING.md
• docs/development.md
• docs/release-checklist.md
• .github/workflows/release.yml (workflow_dispatch input description)

3. Correct a wrong step

docs/development.md and the release-process examples instructed editing cmd/confd/version.go during a release. That file is ldflag-injected by goreleaser at build time — no manual edits required. Project CLAUDE.md already documents this; the dev-docs were just out of sync. Removed the step and updated the recipe to add CHANGELOG + installation.md instead.

Audited but not changed

• CLI flags, backends list, watch-mode matrix, template functions, metrics names, Go toolchain version (1.26.3), architecture diagrams — all accurate.
• README has no pinned versions, no changes needed.

Test plan

• Docs only, no code changes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 70.90%. Comparing base (bff981a) to head (3f2f904).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #620      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   70.96%   70.90%   -0.06%     
==========================================
  Files          53       53              
  Lines        5682     5682              
==========================================
- Hits         4032     4029       -3     
- Misses       1422     1425       +3     
  Partials      228      228              

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Documentation refresh following the v0.41.2 release, updating user-facing version examples across install/development docs and making release-process examples resilient by switching hardcoded tags to vX.Y.Z / vX.Y.Z-rc.N placeholders. It also aligns release instructions with the actual build/versioning approach (version injected via ldflags), removing guidance that implied manual edits to cmd/confd/version.go.

Changes:

• Bumped concrete version examples from 0.40.0 → 0.41.2 in installation, Docker image tags, and --version output snippets.
• Replaced hardcoded release tag examples with vX.Y.Z / vX.Y.Z-rc.N placeholders across release workflow documentation and the release workflow_dispatch input description.
• Updated release-process quick references to focus on updating CHANGELOG + docs rather than editing a version file.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
docs/release-checklist.md	Updates RC tagging examples to vX.Y.Z placeholders and refreshes the RC doc-update step to include docker docs.
docs/installation.md	Bumps pinned version examples and Dockerfile ARG to 0.41.2.
docs/docker.md	Updates the image tag table to v0.41.2 tags.
docs/development.md	Updates sample --version output and corrects the release quick reference to reflect ldflags-injected versioning + CHANGELOG/docs updates.
CONTRIBUTING.md	Updates a conventional commit example to use vX.Y.Z placeholder.
CLAUDE.md	Genericizes release/tag examples to vX.Y.Z placeholders and clarifies tag-driven version injection.
.github/workflows/release.yml	Updates workflow_dispatch tag input description to use vX.Y.Z / vX.Y.Z-rc.1 examples.

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