GH-50582: [CI][C++] Install missing simdjson-static on Alpine Linux

[kou]

Rationale for this change

simdjson-static is needed for find_package(simdjson) on Alpine Linux because simdjsontargets.cmake refers libsimdjson.a but it's included in simdjson-static not simdjson-dev.

What changes are included in this PR?

Install simdjson-static.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [CI][C++] alpine-linux-cpp misses simdjson-static #50582

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[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #50582 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/29871041625/job/88770995837?pr=50583#step:6:3619

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libsimdjson.a(simdjson.cpp.o): warning: relocation against `_ZSt7nothrow' in read-only section `.text._ZN8simdjson7haswell25dom_parser_implementation12set_capacityEm[_ZN8simdjson7haswell25dom_parser_implementation12set_capacityEm]'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libsimdjson.a(simdjson.cpp.o): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against symbol `_ZSt7nothrow' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: final link failed: bad value

https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/work_items/18353

[kou]

+1

I'll fix the link error in a separated PR.