[branch-4.1] Fix meta tool build

[gavinchou]

#63540

Proposed changes

Fix meta_tool build on branch-4.1 by:

• adding the repository root include path for meta_tool so common/cpp/private_member_accessor.hpp can be resolved
• qualifying Doris types in meta_tool.cpp
• fixing private member pointer access through ExecEnv*

Testing

• sh format_code.sh be/src/tools/meta_tool.cpp
• sh build.sh --be --meta-tool -j100

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[gavinchou]

run buildall

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.