Sandbox

AI Agent Sandbox - A sandbox execution environment for AI Agents, built with Golang

Quick Start

Docker Deployment

mkdir /path/to/memory
mkdir /path/to/memory/workspace

# Set the host path for persistent storage (workspace, prompts, etc.)
export LOCAL_MEMORY="/path/to/memory"
# On Linux, the container runs as UID 1000 which may differ from the host user, fix directory permissions to avoid Permission Denied
sudo chown -R 1000:1000 "/path/to/memory"

make docker-start

Access Services

IndexPage: http://localhost:8080/
API: http://localhost:8080/v1/
VNC: http://localhost:8080/vnc/
Terminal: http://localhost:8080/terminal/
MCP: http://localhost:8080/mcp
Health: http://localhost:8080/health

Architecture

Two Integration Methods:

MCP Hub: Built-in MCP protocol service providing standardized Tool interfaces (bash, file, browser, etc.). Directly integrates with AI models supporting MCP like Claude and OpenAI. Combined with the Eino framework, you can implement a complete ReAct Agent with just a few lines of code.
Sandbox SDK: Provides a Go SDK for programmatic access to Bash, FileSystem, Browser, and other services. Can be wrapped as Tools for AI Agent calls or used directly for product development (file browser, Git management, LSP services, etc.).

Project Structure

sandbox/
├── cmd/
│   ├── sandbox-server/main.go    # Main server entry
│   └── mcp-hub/main.go           # MCP Hub entry
├── internal/
│   ├── api/
│   │   ├── router.go             # Router configuration
│   │   ├── middleware/           # JWT auth, Logger
│   │   └── handlers/             # Bash/File/Browser/Terminal/Web API
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── bash/                 # Bash command execution
│   │   ├── filesystem/           # Filesystem operations (manager, glob, grep, read, write, replacer, operations)
│   │   ├── browser/              # Browser control (CDP)
│   │   ├── terminal/             # Web terminal (PTY)
│   │   └── web/                  # Web services (fetch, search)
│   ├── mcp/
│   │   ├── registry.go           # MCP Tool registration
│   │   ├── server.go             # MCP protocol server
│   │   └── tools/                # MCP Tools implementation
│   └── config/config.go
├── types/
│   ├── consts/                   # Constants (env, headers)
│   └── model/                    # Shared data models (bash, browser, file, grep, web, response)
├── pkg/
│   ├── ctxutil/                  # Context utilities (workspace path, session)
│   ├── logger/                   # Plain-text logger wrapper
│   └── safe/                     # Safety utility functions
├── docker/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   ├── nginx/nginx.conf          # Nginx gateway config
│   ├── scripts/
│   │   ├── supervisord.conf      # Process management
│   │   └── entrypoint.sh
│   └── volumes/                  # Volume mount examples
├── docs/
│   ├── tools.json                # MCP Tools documentation
│   └── web_tools.json            # Web Tools documentation
├── web/
│   ├── index.html                # Web homepage
│   └── terminal/index.html       # Web terminal frontend (xterm.js)
├── sdk/
│   └── go/                       # Go SDK (sandbox, interface, bash, file, browser, grep)
├── examples/
│   ├── cdp/                      # CDP examples
│   ├── filesystem/               # Filesystem examples
│   └── web/                      # Web examples
├── docker-compose.yaml
├── Makefile
└── go.mod

Core Services

Service	Port	Description
Nginx	8080	Unified entry, reverse proxy
Sandbox Server	8000	HTTP API + WebSocket API
MCP Hub	8001	MCP protocol service
noVNC	6080	VNC Web client
VNC Server	5900	VNC service
Chromium CDP	9222	Chrome DevTools Protocol

Process Management (Supervisord)

The container manages 8 processes via Supervisord, started in priority order:

#	Program	Command	Priority	Purpose
1	xvfb	`Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1280x1024x24`	100	Virtual framebuffer X server, creates virtual display `:99`
2	fluxbox	`fluxbox`	200	Lightweight window manager
3	x11vnc	`x11vnc -display :99 -forever -shared -rfbport 5900 -nopw`	300	VNC server, shares virtual display to port 5900
4	websockify	`websockify --web=/usr/share/novnc 6080 localhost:5900`	400	WebSocket proxy, enables noVNC web access
5	chromium	`chromium-browser --no-sandbox --remote-debugging-port=9222 ...`	500	Chromium browser with CDP remote debugging
6	sandbox-server	`sandbox-server`	600	Sandbox main service (Bash/File/Browser API)
7	mcp-hub	`mcp-hub`	700	MCP Hub service (MCP protocol + Tool interfaces)
8	nginx	`nginx -g "daemon off;"`	800	Nginx reverse proxy gateway

Startup Order: Xvfb → Fluxbox → x11vnc → websockify → Chromium → sandbox-server → mcp-hub → Nginx

Architecture Notes:

Programs 1-4 form the VNC Remote Desktop stack, allowing browser access to virtual desktop
Program 5 is the Chromium Browser, supporting CDP protocol for automation
Programs 6-7 are Business Services, providing API and MCP protocol
Program 8 is the Gateway, unified external service exposure

API Endpoints

System

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/health`	GET	Health check
`/docs`	GET	Swagger UI documentation
`/v1/openapi.json`	GET	OpenAPI specification
`/v1/sandbox`	GET	Get sandbox environment info

Bash

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/v1/bash/exec`	POST	Execute Bash command
`/v1/bash/exec/stream`	POST	Stream execute Bash command

Filesystem

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/v1/file/read`	POST	Read file
`/v1/file/write`	POST	Write file
`/v1/file/list`	POST	List directory
`/v1/file/delete`	POST	Delete file
`/v1/file/move`	POST	Move file
`/v1/file/copy`	POST	Copy file
`/v1/file/mkdir`	POST	Create directory
`/v1/file/exists`	GET	Check if file exists
`/v1/grep/search`	POST	Grep search file content

Browser

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/v1/browser/info`	GET	Get browser info (CDP URL)
`/v1/browser/navigate`	POST	Navigate to URL
`/v1/browser/screenshot`	POST	Browser screenshot
`/v1/browser/click`	POST	Click element
`/v1/browser/type`	POST	Type text
`/v1/browser/evaluate`	POST	Execute JavaScript
`/v1/browser/url`	GET	Get current URL
`/v1/browser/title`	GET	Get page title
`/v1/browser/scroll`	POST	Scroll page
`/v1/browser/html`	POST	Get element HTML
`/v1/browser/wait`	POST	Wait for element visible
`/v1/browser/page`	GET	Get page info
`/v1/browser/pdf`	POST	Export PDF

Web

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/v1/web/fetch`	POST	Fetch web content
`/v1/web/search`	POST	Web search

WebSocket

Endpoint	Method	Description
`/mcp`	WebSocket	MCP protocol endpoint
`/vnc/`	WebSocket	VNC remote desktop
`/terminal/`	GET	Web terminal
`/v1/terminal/ws`	WebSocket	Terminal WebSocket connection
`/v1/ws`	WebSocket	General WebSocket interface

Go SDK Usage Example

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    sandbox "github.com/deep-agent/sandbox/sdk/go"
    "github.com/deep-agent/sandbox/types/model"
)

func main() {
    client := sandbox.NewClient("http://localhost:8080")

    // Get sandbox info
    ctx, _ := client.GetContext()
    fmt.Printf("Workspace: %s\n", ctx.Workspace)

    // Execute Bash command
    result, _ := client.BashExec(&model.BashExecRequest{
        Command: "ls -la",
    })
    fmt.Println(result.Output)

    // Read file
    content, _ := client.FileRead(&model.FileReadRequest{
        File: "/home/sandbox/.bashrc",
    })
    fmt.Println(content.Content)

    // Browser screenshot
    screenshot, _ := client.BrowserScreenshot(&model.BrowserScreenshotRequest{
        Full: true,
    })
    fmt.Println("Screenshot (base64):", screenshot.Screenshot[:100])

    // Get browser info
    info, _ := client.BrowserGetInfo()
    fmt.Printf("CDP URL: %s\n", info.CDPURL)

    // Check if file exists
    exists, _ := client.FileExists("/home/sandbox/.bashrc")
    fmt.Printf("File exists: %v\n", exists.Exists)
}

MCP Tools

MCP Hub provides the following tools:

Filesystem

Tool	Description
`bash`	Execute Bash command
`glob`	File glob matching
`grep`	File content search
`read`	Read file content
`write`	Write file content
`edit`	Edit file (search & replace)

Browser

Tool	Description
`browser_navigate`	Navigate to URL
`browser_screenshot`	Browser screenshot
`browser_click`	Click element
`browser_type`	Type text
`browser_get_url`	Get current URL
`browser_get_title`	Get page title
`browser_get_html`	Get element HTML
`browser_evaluate`	Execute JavaScript
`browser_scroll`	Scroll page
`browser_wait_visible`	Wait for element visible
`browser_get_page_info`	Get page info
`browser_pdf`	Export PDF

Web

Tool	Description
`web_fetch`	Fetch web content
`web_search`	Web search

Environment Variables

Container Runtime Configuration

Variable	Default	Description
`SANDBOX_SRV_PORT`	8000	Sandbox Server port
`MCP_HUB_PORT`	8001	MCP Hub port
`BROWSER_REMOTE_DEBUGGING_PORT`	9222	Chrome CDP port
`VNC_SERVER_PORT`	5900	VNC service port
`WEBSOCKET_PROXY_PORT`	6080	WebSocket proxy port (noVNC)
`WORKSPACE`	/home/sandbox/workspace	Working directory
`SUPERVISOR_CONF_DIR`	/home/sandbox/app.supervisor.d	Supervisord config directory
`APP_SERVICE_PORT`	9000	User HTTP service port (proxied via `/app/`)
`JWT_SECRET`	-	JWT HMAC shared secret (optional)
`JWT_AUTH_REQUIRED`	false	Enforce authentication (optional)
`ENABLE_MCP`	true	Enable MCP Hub process
`ENABLE_BROWSER`	true	Enable Chromium process
`ENABLE_VNC`	true	Enable VNC/noVNC processes
`TZ`	Asia/Shanghai	Timezone

JWT Authentication (Optional)

Setting JWT_SECRET enables Authorization: Bearer <token> validation (HS256/384/512) for /v1 routes.

If JWT_AUTH_REQUIRED=true is set, all requests will be rejected (returning 401) even if JWT_SECRET is not configured, preventing accidental exposure of unauthenticated services.

Example:

export JWT_SECRET="your-secret-key"
export JWT_AUTH_REQUIRED="true"            # Optional, enforce auth

Docker Compose Variables

These variables are consumed by docker-compose on the host side.

Variable	Default	Description
`HOST_PORT`	8080	Host port mapped to container port 8080
`LOCAL_MEMORY`	./docker/volumes	Host base path for persistent storage; `workspace` subdirectory is mounted to `/home/sandbox/workspace`
`LOCAL_SUPERVISOR_CONF`	./docker/volumes/app.supervisor.d	Host path mounted to `/home/sandbox/app.supervisor.d`
`LOCAL_USERDATA`	./docker/volumes/userdata	Host path mounted to `/home/sandbox/userdata`
`LOCAL_INIT_SCRIPTS`	./docker/volumes/init.d	Host path mounted to `/docker-entrypoint.d`

Docker Build Arguments (Optional)

Variable	Default	Description
`HTTP_PROXY`	-	Proxy for `docker build`
`HTTPS_PROXY`	-	Proxy for `docker build`
`NO_PROXY`	localhost,127.0.0.1	No-proxy list for `docker build`

Extensibility

Sandbox supports user-injected custom programs and scripts through the following extension mechanisms:

Directory Structure

docker/volumes/
├── workspace/          # User workspace, mounted to /home/sandbox/workspace
├── app.supervisor.d/   # Supervisord config dir, mounted to /home/sandbox/app.supervisor.d
├── userdata/           # User data dir, mounted to /home/sandbox/userdata (scripts, binaries)
└── init.d/             # Init scripts dir, mounted to /docker-entrypoint.d

1. Supervisord Configuration (app.supervisor.d)

Place Supervisord configuration files in docker/volumes/app.supervisor.d/ directory to register background services.

Auto-register with Supervisord: Create .conf files in the app.supervisor.d directory:

docker/volumes/app.supervisor.d/
└── my-service.conf         # supervisord config

my-service.conf example:

[program:my-service]
command=/home/sandbox/userdata/my-service --port=9000
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
priority=900

2. User Data (UserData)

Place user scripts or binaries in docker/volumes/userdata/ directory, accessible at /home/sandbox/userdata/ after container startup.

docker/volumes/userdata/
├── my-service              # Executable program
├── script.sh               # Shell script
└── data.json               # Data file

3. Init Scripts

Place scripts in docker/volumes/init.d/ directory, automatically executed in alphabetical order at container startup:

docker/volumes/init.d/
├── 01-setup-env.sh         # Environment setup
├── 02-install-deps.sh      # Install dependencies
└── 03-start-services.sh    # Start services

Script example:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Setting up environment..."
pip install requests numpy
npm install -g typescript

Execution Rules:

.sh files: Execute if executable, otherwise source
Other files: Execute if executable

4. User HTTP Service Proxy

If your user program is an HTTP service, access it via the /app/ path. Nginx automatically forwards requests to the APP_SERVICE_PORT (default 9000).

User request: http://localhost:8080/app/api/hello
    ↓
Nginx forwards: http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/hello
    ↓
User service handles

Usage:

User service listens on APP_SERVICE_PORT
Access via /app/ path

Custom Port:

APP_SERVICE_PORT=3000 docker-compose up

5. Extend from Sandbox Image

Users can create custom images based on the Sandbox image:

FROM your-registry/sandbox:latest

USER root
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y your-package

COPY --chown=sandbox:sandbox my-binary /home/sandbox/userdata/
COPY --chown=sandbox:sandbox my-init.sh /docker-entrypoint.d/

USER sandbox

Environment Variable Configuration

Customize mount paths via docker-compose or environment variables:

LOCAL_MEMORY=/path/to/memory \
LOCAL_SUPERVISOR_CONF=/path/to/app.supervisor.d \
LOCAL_USERDATA=/path/to/userdata \
LOCAL_INIT_SCRIPTS=/path/to/init.d \
APP_SERVICE_PORT=3000 \
docker-compose up

License

Apache License 2.0

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 46 Commits
.vscode		.vscode
cmd		cmd
docker		docker
docs		docs
examples		examples
internal		internal
pkg		pkg
sdk/go		sdk/go
types		types
web		web
.env.example		.env.example
.gitignore		.gitignore
AGENTS.md		AGENTS.md
Makefile		Makefile
README.md		README.md
README_CN.md		README_CN.md
docker-compose.debug.yaml		docker-compose.debug.yaml
docker-compose.yaml		docker-compose.yaml
go.mod		go.mod
go.sum		go.sum

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Sandbox

Quick Start

Docker Deployment

Access Services

Architecture

Project Structure

Core Services

Process Management (Supervisord)

API Endpoints

System

Bash

Filesystem

Browser

Web

WebSocket

Go SDK Usage Example

MCP Tools

Filesystem

Browser

Web

Environment Variables

Container Runtime Configuration

JWT Authentication (Optional)

Docker Compose Variables

Docker Build Arguments (Optional)

Extensibility

Directory Structure

1. Supervisord Configuration (app.supervisor.d)

2. User Data (UserData)

3. Init Scripts

4. User HTTP Service Proxy

5. Extend from Sandbox Image

Environment Variable Configuration

License

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