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fix(gateway): threaded acceptor survives fd exhaustion instead of tearing down#143

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fix/tcp-fd-exhaustion
Jun 25, 2026
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fix(gateway): threaded acceptor survives fd exhaustion instead of tearing down#143
div0rce merged 1 commit into
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fix/tcp-fd-exhaustion

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@div0rce div0rce commented Jun 25, 2026

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Summary

Round-2 follow-up to #140. That PR hardened the epoll transport's fd-exhaustion handling (disarm the listener, keep serving, re-arm when a descriptor frees) but left the portable threaded TcpServer asymmetric.

transient_accept_errno() deliberately omits EMFILE/ENFILE, so when the process hits RLIMIT_NOFILE — reachable in the default config (max_active_connections defaults to 0, i.e. uncapped, so the server's own slow/idle clients can exhaust descriptors) — accept_retry() returned -1, serve_listen_socket() broke out, and the acceptor stopped permanently, even though existing connections were fine and the condition is transient (it clears the moment any client disconnects and frees an fd). The epoll path survives the identical condition.

Fix

accept_retry() now detects EMFILE/ENFILE/ENOBUFS/ENOMEM separately and backs off briefly (10 ms) before retrying instead of returning fatal. It deliberately is not added to the immediate-retry transient set — the pending connection stays in the backlog, so an instant retry would just re-fail and busy-spin at 100% CPU. The back-off lets worker threads finish and close their sockets, freeing descriptors; the acceptor auto-resumes, symmetric with the epoll listener pause/resume.

Notes

  • Deterministic fd-exhaustion testing would require lowering RLIMIT_NOFILE in-process, which risks the test harness's own descriptors; the logic mirrors the epoll path's handling and all existing gateway tests pass.

Verification

make check 270/270, make tsan 20/20, CodeScene delta clean.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

…ring down

Round-2 follow-up to #140: that PR hardened the epoll transport's fd-exhaustion
handling (disarm the listener, keep serving, re-arm when a descriptor frees) but
left the portable threaded TcpServer asymmetric. transient_accept_errno()
deliberately omits EMFILE/ENFILE, so when the process hits RLIMIT_NOFILE (reachable
in the default config — max_active_connections defaults to 0, i.e. uncapped, so
the server's own slow/idle clients can exhaust descriptors), accept_retry()
returned -1, serve_listen_socket() broke out, and the acceptor stopped permanently
even though existing connections were fine and the condition is transient (it
clears the moment any client disconnects and frees an fd). The epoll path survives
the identical condition.

Fix: accept_retry() now detects EMFILE/ENFILE/ENOBUFS/ENOMEM separately and backs
off briefly (10ms) before retrying instead of returning fatal. It cannot be added
to the immediate-retry transient set — the pending connection stays in the
backlog, so an instant retry would just re-fail and busy-spin at 100% CPU. The
back-off lets worker threads finish and close their sockets, freeing descriptors;
the acceptor auto-resumes, symmetric with the epoll listener pause/resume.

make check 270/270, make tsan 20/20, CodeScene delta clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Gates Passed
6 Quality Gates Passed

See analysis details in CodeScene

Quality Gate Profile: Pay Down Tech Debt
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@div0rce div0rce merged commit 2494df5 into main Jun 25, 2026
8 checks passed
@div0rce div0rce deleted the fix/tcp-fd-exhaustion branch June 25, 2026 01:21
div0rce added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 25, 2026
…ct (#147)

* docs: overhaul all stale docs for the post-v0.2.1 (v0.2.2) state

Full staleness audit of every prose doc against current main. The anchors were
frozen at v0.2.1 / 263 tests / "no active milestone" while 12 PRs (#135-#146)
had merged and are unreleased.

- Resume anchors (PROGRESS.md, HANDOFF.md): Current state / Last action /
  Next action / test count (263->270) brought current; the two duplicate frozen
  anchors and the stale macOS benchmark numbers fixed; a dated v0.2.2 log entry.
- CLAUDE.md + AGENTS.md: the post-M35 roadmap-memory section now records the
  post-v0.2.1 hardening + perf wave (identical edit in both).
- CHANGELOG.md: new [0.2.2] section (decoder enum rejection #136, network/CLI
  hardening #137/#140/#141/#143, real UBSan abort gate #142, ocaml diff_report
  #144, try_emplace ~+5% #138, index load-factor ~+18.6% #145). CMakeLists
  version 0.2.1 -> 0.2.2.
- README: benchmark/flamegraph/limitations sections reflect the engine wins
  (measured on the profile workload, not the micro-bench table) and the gateway
  hardening; release_readiness 270/270 + UBSan gate + v0.2.2 scope.
- Networking docs (socket_gateway, socket_hardening): connection cap, EINTR
  retry, transient-accept survival, fd-exhaustion handling, UDP send-error
  counting. replay_and_recovery: decode_command now rejects out-of-domain enums.
  binary_protocol/differential_testing/fix_protocol/SECURITY/recruiting_notes/
  CONTRIBUTING: smaller accuracy updates. results/README: add the three socket
  artifacts.

make check 270/270. Stale results/*.txt provenance digests regenerated
separately. pool_backed_storage.md table follows its artifact regeneration.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* results: regenerate stale provenance artifacts for the v0.2.2 source

The post-v0.2.1 source changes (#135-#146) left 14 results/*.txt with stale
Source digests (the authoritative staleness signal per the provenance rules,
not commit-hash drift). Regenerated via their make targets so each declares
Dirty inputs: no against current HEAD: differential, pool_backed_storage,
allocator_experiment, recovery_benchmarks, false_sharing_study, perf_stat_linux
(partial PMU, QSL_PERF_ALLOW_PARTIAL), perf_report_linux, numa_affinity_study
(linux-constrained), socket_load_summary, socket_profile_loopback,
socket_stress_summary, dpdk_environment, nic_offload_environment.

docs/pool_backed_storage.md: refreshed the median table, digest reference, and
qualitative ordering from the regenerated artifact (contiguous fastest on four of
five workloads; intrusive leads dense). The baseline rows now include the
try_emplace (#138) and index load-factor (#145) wins.

Honesty notes: these were measured on a thermally-warmed M2 from a long session,
so absolute values run higher than a cool-host snapshot — the relative orderings
and provenance digests are the load-bearing content, and every artifact carries
a hardware/build-dependence caveat. latest.txt is regenerated separately on a
cooled host to keep its headline micro-benchmark numbers representative.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* results: regenerate latest.txt (cool host) and sync README/PROGRESS numbers

latest.txt regenerated on a thermally-recovered host so the headline micro-bench
numbers are representative (protocol canary 16.1 ns/op), with a fresh Source
digest (Dirty inputs: no) matching current source. The README benchmark table
and the PROGRESS measured-results section are aligned to it: order_book ~90,
protocol ~16, gateway ~102, matching ~91, replay ~101 ns. The matching/replay
rows are slightly faster than the prior committed run (the v0.2.2 engine wins
showing on the resting-order paths); the order_book micro-bench is unchanged
(near-empty index, so it does not exercise the load-factor win).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* results: re-regenerate env-check artifacts against the final v0.2.2 docs

dpdk_environment.txt and nic_offload_environment.txt include README.md (and
CLAUDE.md/AGENTS.md/results/README.md) in their digest scope, so the README
number-sync re-staled them. Regenerated against the final committed docs;
Dirty inputs: no.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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