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ci: pin GitHub Actions to commit hashes instead of mutable tags#479

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Jul 22, 2026
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ci: pin GitHub Actions to commit hashes instead of mutable tags#479
kp-antonio-yang merged 1 commit into
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@kp-antonio-yang kp-antonio-yang commented Jul 17, 2026

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Description

Replace all GitHub Actions version tag references (e.g. @v4, @stable) with exact commit SHAs or immutable version tags across all workflow files. Original version tags are retained as inline comments for readability and maintainability.

Affected workflows:

  • .github/workflows/ci.yaml
  • .github/workflows/nightly-cargo-deny.yaml
  • .github/workflows/nightly-rust-update-check.yaml
  • .github/workflows/nix-build.yaml
  • .github/workflows/weekly-cargo-update.yaml

Motivation and Context

Mutable tags (e.g. actions/checkout@v4) can be silently redirected to a different commit by a compromised or malicious maintainer, introducing supply chain attack vectors into CI. Pinning to immutable commit SHAs ensures the exact code that was reviewed is always what runs, regardless of upstream tag changes. Ref: #472 (comment)

How Has This Been Tested?

The workflow files were updated and verified to reference valid commit SHAs for each action. No logic changes were made — only the action reference format changed — so existing CI behavior is preserved.

Types of changes

  • Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
  • New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
  • Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
  • No Breaking change

Note: Not a breaking change in the traditional sense, but any future attempts to use mutable tags will be inconsistent with this convention.

Checklist

  • My change requires a change to the documentation.
  • I have updated the documentation accordingly.
  • The correct base branch is being used, if not main

@github-actions

github-actions Bot commented Jul 17, 2026

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Code coverage summary for d09f327:

Filename                                                          Regions    Missed Regions     Cover   Functions  Missed Functions  Executed       Lines      Missed Lines     Cover    Branches   Missed Branches     Cover
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lightway-app-utils/src/args/cipher.rs                                   5                 5     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           5                 5     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/connection_type.rs                         11                 5    54.55%           3                 1    66.67%          11                 5    54.55%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/duration.rs                               121                22    81.82%          11                 5    54.55%          64                15    76.56%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/ip_map.rs                                  27                27     0.00%           5                 5     0.00%          19                19     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/keyshare.rs                                 5                 5     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           5                 5     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/logging.rs                                 37                37     0.00%           3                 3     0.00%          31                31     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/args/nonzero_duration.rs                       128                24    81.25%          10                 4    60.00%          68                16    76.47%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/connection_ticker.rs                           229                17    92.58%          28                 4    85.71%         126                15    88.10%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/dplpmtud_timer.rs                              209                13    93.78%          22                 4    81.82%         117                11    90.60%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/event_stream.rs                                 19                 0   100.00%           3                 0   100.00%          11                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/metrics.rs                                       4                 4     0.00%           2                 2     0.00%           4                 4     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/network_change_monitor.rs                      158                72    54.43%          13                 6    53.85%          93                49    47.31%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/packet_codec.rs                                  2                 2     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/sockopt/ip_mtu_discover.rs                      81                81     0.00%           6                 6     0.00%          72                72     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/sockopt/ip_pktinfo.rs                           14                 1    92.86%           1                 0   100.00%          16                 1    93.75%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/tun.rs                                         409               409     0.00%          42                42     0.00%         260               260     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-app-utils/src/utils.rs                                        21                21     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%          11                11     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/config.rs                                         397               105    73.55%          20                 8    60.00%         266                67    74.81%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/dns_manager.rs                                     18                18     0.00%           4                 4     0.00%          16                16     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/io/inside/tun.rs                                   82                82     0.00%          12                12     0.00%          60                60     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/io/outside.rs                                      14                14     0.00%           2                 2     0.00%          12                12     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/io/outside/tcp.rs                                 106               106     0.00%          15                15     0.00%          67                67     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/io/outside/udp.rs                                 184               184     0.00%          20                20     0.00%         119               119     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/io/outside/udp/batch_receive.rs                    99                13    86.87%          11                 1    90.91%          84                13    84.52%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/keepalive.rs                                      615                44    92.85%          55                 6    89.09%         330                25    92.42%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/lib.rs                                           1367               791    42.14%         107                58    45.79%         947               601    36.54%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/main.rs                                           277               277     0.00%          17                17     0.00%         157               157     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/platform/linux/dns_manager.rs                     118                91    22.88%          14                 9    35.71%          87                62    28.74%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/platform/linux/dns_manager/direct_file.rs         106                42    60.38%          12                 6    50.00%          65                29    55.38%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/platform/linux/dns_manager/resolvconf.rs           61                61     0.00%           8                 8     0.00%          52                52     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/platform/linux/dns_manager/resolvectl.rs           41                41     0.00%           5                 5     0.00%          34                34     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-client/src/route_manager.rs                                 1148               166    85.54%          75                 6    92.00%         636                84    86.79%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/borrowed_bytesmut.rs                                373                 0   100.00%          24                 0   100.00%         185                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/builder_predicates.rs                                24                12    50.00%           4                 2    50.00%          24                12    50.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/cipher.rs                                            13                 0   100.00%           2                 0   100.00%          10                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection.rs                                      1823               969    46.85%          74                29    60.81%        1295               662    48.88%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/builders.rs                              252                46    81.75%          22                 8    63.64%         260                53    79.62%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/dplpmtud.rs                             1741                81    95.35%          63                 0   100.00%         830                 7    99.16%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/expresslane.rs                            27                11    59.26%           4                 1    75.00%          36                 7    80.56%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/fragment_map.rs                          366                 6    98.36%          25                 0   100.00%         254                 3    98.82%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/io_adapter.rs                            877               149    83.01%          55                 8    85.45%         467                95    79.66%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/connection/key_update.rs                             34                13    61.76%           5                 0   100.00%          38                19    50.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/context.rs                                          214                51    76.17%          28                11    60.71%         235                64    72.77%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/context/ip_pool.rs                                    8                 3    62.50%           1                 0   100.00%           5                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/context/server_auth.rs                               37                37     0.00%           4                 4     0.00%          26                26     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/encoding_request_states.rs                            3                 0   100.00%           1                 0   100.00%           3                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/gso.rs                                              900               143    84.11%          29                 6    79.31%         424                92    78.30%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/io.rs                                                10                10     0.00%           3                 3     0.00%           9                 9     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/keyshare.rs                                           5                 0   100.00%           1                 0   100.00%           5                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/lib.rs                                                9                 0   100.00%           3                 0   100.00%           9                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/metrics.rs                                           81                71    12.35%          33                29    12.12%          73                63    13.70%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/packet.rs                                            38                10    73.68%           4                 1    75.00%          30                 6    80.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/plugin.rs                                           307                17    94.46%          22                 4    81.82%         148                10    93.24%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/tls/mod.rs                                            4                 4     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           3                 3     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/utils.rs                                            341                28    91.79%          24                 3    87.50%         170                18    89.41%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/version.rs                                           93                 0   100.00%          17                 0   100.00%          82                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire.rs                                             438                42    90.41%          29                 1    96.55%         235                12    94.89%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/auth_failure.rs                                 27                 1    96.30%           3                 0   100.00%          17                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/auth_request.rs                                684                57    91.67%          34                 1    97.06%         351                24    93.16%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/auth_success_with_config_ipv4.rs               222                 3    98.65%          11                 0   100.00%         124                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/data.rs                                         51                 1    98.04%           5                 0   100.00%          33                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/data_frag.rs                                   127                 1    99.21%          14                 0   100.00%          80                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/encoding_request.rs                             82                 2    97.56%           6                 0   100.00%          42                 1    97.62%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/encoding_response.rs                            82                 2    97.56%           6                 0   100.00%          42                 1    97.62%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/expresslane_config.rs                          192                 1    99.48%          10                 0   100.00%         110                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/expresslane_data.rs                           1332                70    94.74%          48                 5    89.58%         681                38    94.42%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/ping.rs                                         95                 2    97.89%           7                 0   100.00%          59                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/pong.rs                                        109                 2    98.17%           8                 0   100.00%          72                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-core/src/wire/server_config.rs                                69                 2    97.10%           4                 0   100.00%          37                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/auth.rs                                           273                49    82.05%          22                 6    72.73%         171                28    83.63%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/config.rs                                          85                 0   100.00%           7                 0   100.00%          88                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/connection.rs                                     137               137     0.00%          11                11     0.00%         110               110     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/connection_manager.rs                             339               339     0.00%          40                40     0.00%         294               294     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/connection_manager/connection_map.rs              407                20    95.09%          21                 1    95.24%         228                 8    96.49%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/inside.rs                                       97                18    81.44%          22                 8    63.64%          66                16    75.76%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/inside/tun.rs                                   57                57     0.00%          13                13     0.00%          42                42     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/outside/tcp.rs                                  93                93     0.00%          10                10     0.00%          68                68     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/outside/udp.rs                                 484               429    11.36%          27                24    11.11%         329               295    10.33%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/outside/udp/batch_receive.rs                   467                19    95.93%          20                 1    95.00%         265                15    94.34%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/outside/udp/cmsg.rs                            211                48    77.25%          17                 3    82.35%         174                43    75.29%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/io/outside/udp/send_queue.rs                      381                26    93.18%          24                 1    95.83%         209                16    92.34%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/ip_manager.rs                                     542                50    90.77%          22                 4    81.82%         242                23    90.50%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/ip_manager/ip_pool.rs                             545                 0   100.00%          28                 0   100.00%         257                 0   100.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/lib.rs                                            594               490    17.51%          34                26    23.53%         406               333    17.98%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/main.rs                                           201               201     0.00%          10                10     0.00%          96                96     0.00%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/metrics.rs                                        277               255     7.94%          95                85    10.53%         235               215     8.51%           0                 0         -
lightway-server/src/statistics.rs                                     132                59    55.30%           8                 4    50.00%          90                39    56.67%           0                 0         -
uniffi-bindgen/src/uniffi-bindgen.rs                                    3                 3     0.00%           1                 1     0.00%           3                 3     0.00%           0                 0         -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                                               22528              6920    69.28%        1596               628    60.65%       13723              4787    65.12%           0                 0         -

✅ Region coverage 69% passes
✅ Line coverage 65% passes

@kp-antonio-yang
kp-antonio-yang marked this pull request as ready for review July 20, 2026 02:02
@kp-antonio-yang
kp-antonio-yang requested a review from a team as a code owner July 20, 2026 02:02

@kp-thomas-yau kp-thomas-yau left a comment

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Is any of the github action here is using immutable release? If it's using immutable release, I think it's ok to use the version number/tag for those

@kp-antonio-yang

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Pinning the hash of a CI action is a recognized practice for preventing supply chain attacks, and I agree with it in principle. Version tags are also acceptable to me.

That said, the real security benefit comes from actually reading and auditing the scripts inside the actions after pinning — simply pinning the hash moves us toward the goal but does not provide any concrete security benefit on its own until that review is done.

@kp-thomas-yau

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Pinning the hash of a CI action is a recognized practice for preventing supply chain attacks, and I agree with it in principle. Version tags are also acceptable to me.

That said, the real security benefit comes from actually reading and auditing the scripts inside the actions after pinning — simply pinning the hash moves us toward the goal but does not provide any concrete security benefit on its own until that review is done.

I know, but GitHub released something called immutable release that causes Git tags cannot be moved, effectively pinning the Git tag to the same hash. So if the GitHub Action workflow is using this immutable release, we can just use the tag. (and we can of course use commit hash for workflows that isn't using this feature)

@kp-antonio-yang

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Yeh, now all the actions pin with immutable version tags or immutable hashes.

kp-thomas-yau
kp-thomas-yau previously approved these changes Jul 21, 2026

@kp-thomas-yau kp-thomas-yau left a comment

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noice

Replace all version tag references (e.g. @v4, @stable) with exact
commit SHAs across all workflow files to prevent supply chain attacks
via tag mutation. Original version tags are retained as inline comments
for readability.
@kp-antonio-yang
kp-antonio-yang merged commit bec6efe into main Jul 22, 2026
22 checks passed
@kp-antonio-yang
kp-antonio-yang deleted the pin-actions branch July 22, 2026 05:02
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