Automatically closing broadcast channels

src/frequenz/channels/__init__.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 """
 
 from ._anycast import Anycast
-from ._broadcast import Broadcast
+from ._broadcast import Broadcast, broadcast
 from ._exceptions import ChannelClosedError, ChannelError, Error
 from ._generic import (
     ChannelMessageT,
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 )
 from ._latest_value_cache import LatestValueCache
 from ._merge import Merger, merge
+from ._oneshot import oneshot
 from ._receiver import Receiver, ReceiverError, ReceiverStoppedError
 from ._select import (
     Selected,
@@ -100,14 +101,23 @@
     select,
     selected_from,
 )
-from ._sender import Sender, SenderError
+from ._sender import (
+    ClonableSender,
+    ClonableSubscribableSender,
+    Sender,
+    SenderClosedError,
+    SenderError,
+    SubscribableSender,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
     "Anycast",
     "Broadcast",
     "ChannelClosedError",
     "ChannelError",
     "ChannelMessageT",
+    "ClonableSender",
+    "ClonableSubscribableSender",
     "Error",
     "ErroredChannelT_co",
     "LatestValueCache",
@@ -120,11 +130,15 @@
     "SelectError",
     "Selected",
     "Sender",
+    "SenderClosedError",
     "SenderError",
     "SenderMessageT_co",
     "SenderMessageT_contra",
+    "SubscribableSender",
     "UnhandledSelectedError",
+    "broadcast",
     "merge",
+    "oneshot",
     "select",
     "selected_from",
 ]

src/frequenz/channels/_anycast.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from ._exceptions import ChannelClosedError
 from ._generic import ChannelMessageT
 from ._receiver import Receiver, ReceiverStoppedError
-from ._sender import Sender, SenderError
+from ._sender import Sender, SenderClosedError, SenderError
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -327,6 +327,9 @@ def __init__(self, channel: Anycast[_T], /) -> None:
         self._channel: Anycast[_T] = channel
         """The channel that this sender belongs to."""
 
+        self._closed: bool = False
+        """Whether the sender is closed."""
+
     @override
     async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
         """Send a message across the channel.
@@ -343,7 +346,11 @@ async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
             SenderError: If the underlying channel was closed.
                 A [ChannelClosedError][frequenz.channels.ChannelClosedError] is
                 set as the cause.
+            SenderClosedError: If this sender was closed.
         """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise SenderClosedError(self)
+
         # pylint: disable=protected-access
         if self._channel._closed:
             raise SenderError("The channel was closed", self) from ChannelClosedError(
@@ -367,6 +374,16 @@ async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
             self._channel._recv_cv.notify(1)
         # pylint: enable=protected-access
 
+    @override
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this sender.
+
+        After closing, the sender will not be able to send any more messages. Any
+        attempt to send a message through a closed sender will raise a
+        [SenderError][frequenz.channels.SenderError].
+        """
+        self._closed = True
+
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """Return a string representation of this sender."""
         return f"{self._channel}:{type(self).__name__}"

src/frequenz/channels/_broadcast.py

@@ -16,12 +16,51 @@
 from ._exceptions import ChannelClosedError
 from ._generic import ChannelMessageT
 from ._receiver import Receiver, ReceiverStoppedError
-from ._sender import Sender, SenderError
+from ._sender import ClonableSubscribableSender, SenderClosedError, SenderError
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class Broadcast(Generic[ChannelMessageT]):
+def broadcast(
+    message_type: type[ChannelMessageT],  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    /,
+    *,
+    name: str,
+    resend_latest: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[ClonableSubscribableSender[ChannelMessageT], Receiver[ChannelMessageT]]:
+    """Create a new Broadcast channel and return a sender and a receiver attached to it.
+
+    The channel will be automatically closed when all senders or all receivers
+    are closed.
+
+    Args:
+        message_type: The type of messages that will be sent through this channel. This
+            is only for type checking purposes, it is not used at runtime.
+        name: The name of the channel. This is for logging purposes, and it will be
+            shown in the string representation of the channel.
+        resend_latest: When True, every time a new receiver is created with
+            `new_receiver`, the last message seen by the channel will be sent to the
+            new receiver automatically. This allows new receivers on slow streams to
+            get the latest message as soon as they are created, without having to
+            wait for the next message on the channel to arrive.  It is safe to be
+            set in data/reporting channels, but is not recommended for use in
+            channels that stream control instructions.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of a sender and a receiver attached to the created channel.
+    """
+    channel = Broadcast[ChannelMessageT](
+        name=name, resend_latest=resend_latest, auto_close=True
+    )
+    return channel.new_sender(), channel.new_receiver()
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "Please use the `broadcast` function to create a Broadcast channel instead."
+)
+class Broadcast(  # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
+    Generic[ChannelMessageT]
+):
     """A channel that deliver all messages to all receivers.
 
     # Description
@@ -184,7 +223,13 @@ async def main() -> None:
         ```
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *, name: str, resend_latest: bool = False) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        resend_latest: bool = False,
+        auto_close: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
         """Initialize this channel.
 
         Args:
@@ -197,6 +242,8 @@ def __init__(self, *, name: str, resend_latest: bool = False) -> None:
                 wait for the next message on the channel to arrive.  It is safe to be
                 set in data/reporting channels, but is not recommended for use in
                 channels that stream control instructions.
+            auto_close: If True, the channel will be closed when all senders or all
+                receivers are closed.
         """
         self._name: str = name
         """The name of the broadcast channel.
@@ -207,6 +254,9 @@ def __init__(self, *, name: str, resend_latest: bool = False) -> None:
         self._recv_cv: Condition = Condition()
         """The condition to wait for data in the channel's buffer."""
 
+        self._sender_count: int = 0
+        """The number of senders attached to this channel."""
+
         self._receivers: dict[
             int, weakref.ReferenceType[_Receiver[ChannelMessageT]]
         ] = {}
@@ -218,6 +268,9 @@ def __init__(self, *, name: str, resend_latest: bool = False) -> None:
         self._latest: ChannelMessageT | None = None
         """The latest message sent to the channel."""
 
+        self._auto_close: bool = auto_close
+        """Whether to close the channel when all senders or all receivers are closed."""
+
         self.resend_latest: bool = resend_latest
         """Whether to resend the latest message to new receivers.
 
@@ -269,7 +322,7 @@ async def close(self) -> None:  # noqa: D402
         """Close the channel, deprecated alias for `aclose()`."""  # noqa: D402
         return await self.aclose()
 
-    def new_sender(self) -> Sender[ChannelMessageT]:
+    def new_sender(self) -> ClonableSubscribableSender[ChannelMessageT]:
         """Return a new sender attached to this channel."""
         return _Sender(self)
 
@@ -317,7 +370,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 
 
-class _Sender(Sender[_T]):
+class _Sender(ClonableSubscribableSender[_T]):
     """A sender to send messages to the broadcast channel.
 
     Should not be created directly, but through the
@@ -334,6 +387,11 @@ def __init__(self, channel: Broadcast[_T], /) -> None:
         self._channel: Broadcast[_T] = channel
         """The broadcast channel this sender belongs to."""
 
+        self._closed: bool = False
+        """Whether this sender is closed."""
+
+        self._channel._sender_count += 1
+
     @override
     async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
         """Send a message to all broadcast receivers.
@@ -345,12 +403,22 @@ async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
             SenderError: If the underlying channel was closed.
                 A [ChannelClosedError][frequenz.channels.ChannelClosedError] is
                 set as the cause.
+            SenderClosedError: If this sender was closed.
         """
         # pylint: disable=protected-access
         if self._channel._closed:
             raise SenderError("The channel was closed", self) from ChannelClosedError(
                 self._channel
             )
+        if self._channel._auto_close and (
+            self._channel._sender_count == 0 or len(self._channel._receivers) == 0
+        ):
+            await self._channel.aclose()
+            raise SenderError("The channel was closed", self) from ChannelClosedError(
+                self._channel
+            )
+        if self._closed:
+            raise SenderClosedError(self)
         self._channel._latest = message
         stale_refs = []
         for _hash, recv_ref in self._channel._receivers.items():
@@ -365,6 +433,27 @@ async def send(self, message: _T, /) -> None:
             self._channel._recv_cv.notify_all()
         # pylint: enable=protected-access
 
+    @override
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this sender.
+
+        After a sender is closed, it can no longer be used to send messages. Any
+        attempt to send a message through a closed sender will raise a
+        [SenderError][frequenz.channels.SenderError].
+        """
+        self._closed = True
+        self._channel._sender_count -= 1
+
+    @override
+    def clone(self) -> _Sender[_T]:
+        """Return a clone of this sender."""
+        return _Sender(self._channel)
+
+    @override
+    def subscribe(self) -> Receiver[_T]:
+        """Return a new receiver attached to this sender's channel."""
+        return self._channel.new_receiver()
+
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """Return a string representation of this sender."""
         return f"{self._channel}:{type(self).__name__}"
@@ -476,6 +565,11 @@ async def ready(self) -> bool:
         while len(self._q) == 0:
             if self._channel._closed or self._closed:
                 return False
+            if self._channel._auto_close and (
+                self._channel._sender_count == 0 or len(self._channel._receivers) == 0
+            ):
+                await self._channel.aclose()
+                return False
             async with self._channel._recv_cv:
                 await self._channel._recv_cv.wait()
         return True

src/frequenz/channels/_oneshot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# License: MIT
+# Copyright © 2026 Frequenz Energy-as-a-Service GmbH
+
+"""A channel that can send a single message."""
+
+import asyncio
+import typing
+
+from ._generic import ChannelMessageT
+from ._receiver import Receiver, ReceiverStoppedError
+from ._sender import Sender, SenderClosedError
+
+
+def oneshot(
+    message_type: type[ChannelMessageT],  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+) -> tuple[Sender[ChannelMessageT], Receiver[ChannelMessageT]]:
+    """Create a one-shot channel.
+
+    A one-shot channel is a channel that can only send one message. After the first
+    message is sent, the sender is closed and any further attempts to send a message
+    will raise a `SenderClosedError`.
+
+    Args:
+        message_type: The type of messages that can be sent through this channel.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of a sender and a receiver for this channel.
+    """
+    channel = _OneShot[ChannelMessageT]()
+    return _OneShotSender(channel), _OneShotReceiver(channel)
+
+
+class _Empty:
+    pass
+
+
+_EMPTY = _Empty()
+
+
+class _OneShot(typing.Generic[ChannelMessageT]):
+    """A one-shot channel.
+
+    A one-shot channel is a channel that can only send one message. After the first
+    message is sent, the sender is closed and any further attempts to send a message
+    will raise a `SenderClosedError`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Create a new one-shot channel."""
+        self.message: ChannelMessageT | _Empty = _EMPTY
+        self.sent = False
+        self.drained = False
+        self.event = asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class _OneShotSender(Sender[ChannelMessageT]):
+    def __init__(self, channel: _OneShot[ChannelMessageT]) -> None:
+        self._channel = channel
+
+    async def send(self, message: ChannelMessageT, /) -> None:
+        if self._channel.sent:
+            raise SenderClosedError(self)
+        self._channel.message = message
+        self._channel.sent = True
+        self._channel.event.set()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._channel.sent = True
+
+
+class _OneShotReceiver(Receiver[ChannelMessageT]):
+    def __init__(self, channel: _OneShot[ChannelMessageT]) -> None:
+        self._channel = channel
+
+    async def ready(self) -> bool:
+        if self._channel.drained:
+            return False
+        if not self._channel.sent:
+            await self._channel.event.wait()
+        return True
+
+    def consume(self) -> ChannelMessageT:
+        if self._channel.drained:
+            raise ReceiverStoppedError(self)
+        if isinstance(self._channel.message, _Empty):
+            raise ReceiverStoppedError(self)
+
+        self._channel.drained = True
+        self._channel.event.clear()
+        return self._channel.message