hw-native-sys · PKUZHOU · Mar 18, 2026
diff --git a/ci.sh b/ci.sh
@@ -16,8 +16,17 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
             shift 2
             ;;
         -d|--device)
-            DEVICE_RANGE="$2"
-            shift 2
+            shift
+            DEVICE_VALUES=()
+            while [[ $# -gt 0 && "$1" != -* ]]; do
+                DEVICE_VALUES+=("$1")
+                shift
+            done
+            if [[ ${#DEVICE_VALUES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+                echo "Missing value for --device"
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            DEVICE_RANGE=$(IFS=,; echo "${DEVICE_VALUES[*]}")
             ;;
         -r|--runtime)
             RUNTIME="$2"
@@ -78,15 +87,22 @@ if [[ -n "$RUNTIME" ]]; then
     fi
 fi
 
-# Parse device range (e.g., "5-8" or "5")
-if [[ "$DEVICE_RANGE" == *-* ]]; then
-    IFS='-' read -r DEV_START DEV_END <<< "$DEVICE_RANGE"
-    DEVICES=()
-    for ((i=DEV_START; i<=DEV_END; i++)); do
-        DEVICES+=("$i")
-    done
+# Parse device spec (e.g., "5-8", "5", or "0,1,3,5")
+DEVICES=()
+if [[ -z "$DEVICE_RANGE" ]]; then
+    DEVICES=("0")
 else
-    DEVICES=("${DEVICE_RANGE:-0}")
+    IFS=',' read -r -a DEVICE_ITEMS <<< "$DEVICE_RANGE"
+    for item in "${DEVICE_ITEMS[@]}"; do
+        if [[ "$item" == *-* ]]; then
+            IFS='-' read -r DEV_START DEV_END <<< "$item"
+            for ((i=DEV_START; i<=DEV_END; i++)); do
+                DEVICES+=("$i")
+            done
+        else
+            DEVICES+=("$item")
+        fi
+    done
 fi
 NUM_DEVICES=${#DEVICES[@]}
 
@@ -199,13 +215,48 @@ pin_pto_isa_on_failure() {
     return 0  # Pinned, caller should retry
 }
 
+get_task_device_count() {
+    local kernel_config="$1"
+    python - "$kernel_config" <<'PY'
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+
+path = sys.argv[1]
+spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("kernel_config", path)
+mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
+dist = getattr(mod, "DISTRIBUTED_CONFIG", None)
+nranks = 1
+if isinstance(dist, dict):
+    try:
+        nranks = int(dist.get("nranks", 1))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        nranks = 1
+print(max(nranks, 1))
+PY
+}
+
+format_device_spec() {
+    local count="$1"
+    if [[ "$count" -le 1 ]]; then
+        echo "${DEVICES[0]}"
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    local selected=("${DEVICES[@]:0:$count}")
+    local joined
+    joined=$(IFS=,; echo "${selected[*]}")
+    echo "$joined"
+}
+
 # ---- Discover all tasks ----
 EXAMPLES_DIR="examples"
 DEVICE_TESTS_DIR="tests/device_tests"
 
 declare -a HW_TASK_NAMES=()
 declare -a HW_TASK_DIRS=()
 declare -a HW_TASK_PLATS=()
+declare -a HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS=()
 declare -a SIM_TASK_NAMES=()
 declare -a SIM_TASK_DIRS=()
 declare -a SIM_TASK_PLATS=()
@@ -245,18 +296,22 @@ while IFS= read -r -d '' example_dir; do
             SIM_TASK_DIRS+=("${example_dir}")
             SIM_TASK_PLATS+=("${PLATFORM}")
         else
+            required_devices="$(get_task_device_count "$kernel_config")"
             HW_TASK_NAMES+=("example:${example_name}")
             HW_TASK_DIRS+=("${example_dir}")
             HW_TASK_PLATS+=("${PLATFORM}")
+            HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS+=("${required_devices}")
         fi
     elif [[ "$OS" == "Darwin" ]]; then
         SIM_TASK_NAMES+=("example:${example_name}")
         SIM_TASK_DIRS+=("${example_dir}")
         SIM_TASK_PLATS+=("${example_arch}sim")
     else
+        required_devices="$(get_task_device_count "$kernel_config")"
         HW_TASK_NAMES+=("example:${example_name}")
         HW_TASK_DIRS+=("${example_dir}")
         HW_TASK_PLATS+=("${example_arch}")
+        HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS+=("${required_devices}")
         SIM_TASK_NAMES+=("example:${example_name}")
         SIM_TASK_DIRS+=("${example_dir}")
         SIM_TASK_PLATS+=("${example_arch}sim")
@@ -299,6 +354,7 @@ if [[ -d "$DEVICE_TESTS_DIR" ]]; then
             HW_TASK_NAMES+=("device_test:${test_name}")
             HW_TASK_DIRS+=("${test_dir}")
             HW_TASK_PLATS+=("${PLATFORM:-${test_arch}}")
+            HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS+=("$(get_task_device_count "$kernel_config")")
         done < <(find "$DEVICE_TESTS_DIR" -mindepth 1 -type d -print0 | sort -z)
     else
         echo "Skipping device tests (hardware platforms only)"
@@ -314,7 +370,7 @@ MAX_RETRIES=3
 # Log naming: ${safe_name}_${platform}_attempt${attempt}.log
 # Result format: name|platform|PASS/FAIL|device:X|attempt:N|Xs
 run_task() {
-    local name="$1" dir="$2" platform="$3" attempt="$4" device_id="$5" print_log_on_fail="${6:-true}"
+    local name="$1" dir="$2" platform="$3" attempt="$4" device_spec="$5" print_log_on_fail="${6:-true}" required_devices="${7:-1}"
     local safe_name="${name//[:\/]/_}"
     local task_log="${LOG_DIR}/${safe_name}_${platform}_attempt${attempt}.log"
     local start_time=$SECONDS
@@ -323,10 +379,16 @@ run_task() {
     cmd=(python examples/scripts/run_example.py
         -k "${dir}/kernels" -g "${dir}/golden.py"
         -p "$platform" --clone-protocol "$CLONE_PROTOCOL" "${commit_flag[@]}")
-    [[ -n "$device_id" ]] && cmd+=(-d "$device_id")
+    if [[ -n "$device_spec" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$required_devices" -gt 1 ]]; then
+            cmd+=(--devices "$device_spec" --nranks "$required_devices")
+        else
+            cmd+=(-d "$device_spec")
+        fi
+    fi
 
     # Progress to stdout (not captured in log)
-    echo "[${platform}${device_id:+:dev${device_id}}] Running: $name (attempt $attempt)"
+    echo "[${platform}${device_spec:+:dev${device_spec}}] Running: $name (attempt $attempt)"
 
     # Command output to log file only
     "${cmd[@]}" > "$task_log" 2>&1
@@ -336,21 +398,46 @@ run_task() {
     local status
     if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
         status="PASS"
-        echo "[${platform}${device_id:+:dev${device_id}}] PASS: $name (${elapsed}s)"
+        echo "[${platform}${device_spec:+:dev${device_spec}}] PASS: $name (${elapsed}s)"
     else
         status="FAIL"
-        echo "[${platform}${device_id:+:dev${device_id}}] FAIL: $name (${elapsed}s)"
+        echo "[${platform}${device_spec:+:dev${device_spec}}] FAIL: $name (${elapsed}s)"
         if [[ "$print_log_on_fail" == "true" ]]; then
             echo "--- LOG: $name (attempt $attempt) ---"
             cat "$task_log"
             echo "--- END ---"
         fi
     fi
-    echo "${name}|${platform}|${status}|device:${device_id:-sim}|attempt:${attempt}|${elapsed}s" \
+    echo "${name}|${platform}|${status}|device:${device_spec:-sim}|attempt:${attempt}|${elapsed}s" \
         >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
     return $rc
 }
 
+run_hw_multidevice_tasks() {
+    local attempt="$1"; shift
+    local indices=("$@")
+    HW_MULTI_FAILURES=()
+
+    for idx in "${indices[@]}"; do
+        local required_devices="${HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS[$idx]}"
+        local platform="${HW_TASK_PLATS[$idx]}"
+        local name="${HW_TASK_NAMES[$idx]}"
+
+        if [[ "$required_devices" -gt "$NUM_DEVICES" ]]; then
+            echo "[${platform}] FAIL: $name requires ${required_devices} devices, only ${NUM_DEVICES} available"
+            echo "${name}|${platform}|FAIL|device:insufficient|attempt:${attempt}|0s" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
+            HW_MULTI_FAILURES+=("$idx")
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        local device_spec
+        device_spec="$(format_device_spec "$required_devices")"
+        if ! run_task "$name" "${HW_TASK_DIRS[$idx]}" "$platform" "$attempt" "$device_spec" "true" "$required_devices"; then
+            HW_MULTI_FAILURES+=("$idx")
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
 # ---- SIM executor ----
 # run_sim_tasks <attempt> <idx1> <idx2> ...
 # Sets SIM_FAILURES to array of failed indices after return.
@@ -429,7 +516,7 @@ run_hw_tasks() {
 
                 IFS=':' read -r idx attempt <<< "$entry"
 
-                if run_task "${HW_TASK_NAMES[$idx]}" "${HW_TASK_DIRS[$idx]}" "${HW_TASK_PLATS[$idx]}" "$attempt" "$device_id" "false"; then
+                if run_task "${HW_TASK_NAMES[$idx]}" "${HW_TASK_DIRS[$idx]}" "${HW_TASK_PLATS[$idx]}" "$attempt" "$device_id" "false" "1"; then
                     echo "${idx}|PASS" >> "$hw_marker"
                 else
                     next=$((attempt + 1))
@@ -473,12 +560,36 @@ fi
 
 # HW phase
 if [[ ${#HW_TASK_NAMES[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
-    ALL_HW=($(seq 0 $((${#HW_TASK_NAMES[@]} - 1))))
-    echo "---- HW: ${#ALL_HW[@]} tasks on ${NUM_DEVICES} devices ----"
-    run_hw_tasks "${ALL_HW[@]}"
-    if [[ ${#HW_FAILURES[@]} -gt 0 ]] && pin_pto_isa_on_failure; then
-        echo "[CI] Retrying ${#HW_FAILURES[@]} HW failures with pinned PTO-ISA"
-        run_hw_tasks "${HW_FAILURES[@]}"
+    ALL_HW_SINGLE=()
+    ALL_HW_MULTI=()
+    for idx in $(seq 0 $((${#HW_TASK_NAMES[@]} - 1))); do
+        if [[ "${HW_TASK_DEVICE_COUNTS[$idx]}" -gt 1 ]]; then
+            ALL_HW_MULTI+=("$idx")
+        else
+            ALL_HW_SINGLE+=("$idx")
+        fi
+    done
+
+    echo "---- HW: ${#ALL_HW_SINGLE[@]} single-device tasks, ${#ALL_HW_MULTI[@]} multi-device tasks on ${NUM_DEVICES} devices ----"
+
+    HW_MULTI_FAILURES=()
+    if [[ ${#ALL_HW_MULTI[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+        run_hw_multidevice_tasks 0 "${ALL_HW_MULTI[@]}"
+        if [[ ${#HW_MULTI_FAILURES[@]} -gt 0 ]] && pin_pto_isa_on_failure; then
+            echo "[CI] Retrying ${#HW_MULTI_FAILURES[@]} multi-device HW failures with pinned PTO-ISA"
+            run_hw_multidevice_tasks 1 "${HW_MULTI_FAILURES[@]}"
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    HW_SINGLE_FAILURES=()
+    if [[ ${#ALL_HW_SINGLE[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+        run_hw_tasks "${ALL_HW_SINGLE[@]}"
+        HW_SINGLE_FAILURES=("${HW_FAILURES[@]}")
+        if [[ ${#HW_SINGLE_FAILURES[@]} -gt 0 ]] && pin_pto_isa_on_failure; then
+            echo "[CI] Retrying ${#HW_SINGLE_FAILURES[@]} HW failures with pinned PTO-ISA"
+            run_hw_tasks "${HW_SINGLE_FAILURES[@]}"
+            HW_SINGLE_FAILURES=("${HW_FAILURES[@]}")
+        fi
     fi
 fi
 

diff --git a/examples/a2a3/aicpu_build_graph/treduce_distributed/golden.py b/examples/a2a3/aicpu_build_graph/treduce_distributed/golden.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""
+Golden script for distributed TREDUCE.
+
+Each rank r contributes input[i] = i + r * 100 for i in [0, 256).
+Root rank reduces (Sum) all inputs.
+
+Expected output on root:
+    output[i] = sum_{r=0}^{nranks-1} (i + r * 100)
+              = nranks * i + 100 * nranks * (nranks - 1) / 2
+"""
+
+TREDUCE_COUNT = 256
+NRANKS = 4
+
+__outputs__ = ["output"]
+
+RTOL = 1e-5
+ATOL = 1e-5
+
+
+def generate_distributed_inputs(rank: int, nranks: int, root: int,
+                                 comm_ctx=None) -> list:
+    """Each rank generates its own input; output is allocated on all ranks."""
+    input_data = [float(i + rank * 100) for i in range(TREDUCE_COUNT)]
+    output_data = [0.0] * TREDUCE_COUNT
+    return [
+        ("input", input_data),
+        ("output", output_data),
+        ("nranks", nranks),
+        ("root", root),
+    ]
+
+
+def compute_golden(tensors: dict, params: dict) -> None:
+    """Compute expected output for the root rank."""
+    nranks = params.get("nranks", NRANKS)
+    output = tensors["output"]
+    for i in range(TREDUCE_COUNT):
+        output[i] = float(
+            nranks * i + 100 * nranks * (nranks - 1) // 2)
diff --git a/examples/a2a3/aicpu_build_graph/treduce_distributed/kernels/aiv/treduce_kernel.cpp b/examples/a2a3/aicpu_build_graph/treduce_distributed/kernels/aiv/treduce_kernel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * TREDUCE kernel for simpler's kernel_entry signature.
+ *
+ * Performs collective reduce (Sum) across multiple NPU ranks using PTO comm
+ * instructions. Each rank's input data resides in an RDMA window;
+ * the root rank gathers and sums all inputs into the output buffer.
+ *
+ * PTO communication instructions access remote data through GVA addresses
+ * (windowsIn[]) via MTE2 DMA over HCCS; no bound stream is required.
+ *
+ * args layout (all uint64_t, cast as needed):
+ *   args[0] = __gm__ float* input   (device addr in RDMA window)
+ *   args[1] = __gm__ float* output  (device addr, regular allocation)
+ *   args[2] = int nranks
+ *   args[3] = int root
+ *   args[4] = __gm__ CommDeviceContext* ctx  (device addr)
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <pto/pto-inst.hpp>
+#include "pto/comm/comm_types.hpp"
+#include "pto/comm/pto_comm_inst.hpp"
+#include "common/comm_context.h"
+
+#ifndef __gm__
+#define __gm__
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __aicore__
+#define __aicore__ [aicore]
+#endif
+
+static constexpr size_t TREDUCE_COUNT = 256;
+static constexpr int kMaxSupportedRanks = 16;
+
+template <typename T>
+AICORE inline __gm__ T *CommRemotePtr(
+    __gm__ CommDeviceContext *ctx, __gm__ T *localPtr, int pe)
+{
+    uint64_t localBase = ctx->windowsIn[ctx->rankId];
+    uint64_t offset = (uint64_t)localPtr - localBase;
+    return (__gm__ T *)(ctx->windowsIn[pe] + offset);
+}
+
+extern "C" __aicore__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+void kernel_entry(__gm__ int64_t* args) {
+    __gm__ float* input  = reinterpret_cast<__gm__ float*>(args[0]);
+    __gm__ float* output = reinterpret_cast<__gm__ float*>(args[1]);
+    int nranks = static_cast<int>(args[2]);
+    int root   = static_cast<int>(args[3]);
+    __gm__ CommDeviceContext* commCtx =
+        reinterpret_cast<__gm__ CommDeviceContext*>(args[4]);
+
+    using ShapeDyn  = pto::Shape<pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC,
+                                  pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC>;
+    using StrideDyn = pto::Stride<pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC,
+                                   pto::DYNAMIC, pto::DYNAMIC>;
+    using Global    = pto::GlobalTensor<float, ShapeDyn, StrideDyn,
+                                         pto::Layout::ND>;
+    using TileData  = pto::Tile<pto::TileType::Vec, float, 1, TREDUCE_COUNT,
+                                 pto::BLayout::RowMajor, -1, -1>;
+
+    int my_rank = static_cast<int>(commCtx->rankId);
+
+    ShapeDyn shape(1, 1, 1, 1, TREDUCE_COUNT);
+    StrideDyn stride(TREDUCE_COUNT, TREDUCE_COUNT, TREDUCE_COUNT,
+                     TREDUCE_COUNT, 1);
+
+    TileData accTile(1, TREDUCE_COUNT);
+    TileData recvTile(1, TREDUCE_COUNT);
+    TASSIGN(accTile, 0x0);
+    TASSIGN(recvTile, 0x10000);
+
+    if (nranks <= 0 || nranks > kMaxSupportedRanks || root < 0 || root >= nranks) {
+        pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (my_rank == root) {
+        Global outputG(output, shape, stride);
+        Global tensors[kMaxSupportedRanks];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nranks; ++i) {
+            __gm__ float* remoteInput = CommRemotePtr(commCtx, input, i);
+            tensors[i] = Global(remoteInput, shape, stride);
+        }
+        pto::comm::ParallelGroup<Global> pg(tensors, nranks, root);
+        pto::comm::TREDUCE(pg, outputG, accTile, recvTile,
+                           pto::comm::ReduceOp::Sum);
+    }
+
+    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
+}