Detect the input file of referenced project with fileNames from parsed command line

[sheetalkamat]

Fixes #25864 and #26054

[ajafff]

Does this work for transitive projectReferenes? I'm asking because I struggled with that too.

// @filename: tsconfig.a.json
{"compilerOptions": {"composite"}, "files": ["a.ts"]}

// @filename: a.ts
export class A {}

// @filename: tsconfig.b.json
{"compilerOptions": {"composite"}, "files": ["b.ts"], "references": [{"path": "tsconfig.a.json"}]}

// @filename: b.ts
import {A} from './a';
export const b = new A();

// @filename: tsconfig.c.json
{"files": ["c.ts"], "references": [{"path": "tsconfig.b.json"}]}

// @filename: c.ts
import {b} from './b';
console.log(b);

Compiling tsconfig.c.json should resolve imports as b.d.ts and a.d.ts. I guess the current implementation resolves imports to b.d.ts and a.ts.

[RyanCavanaugh]

Would be nice to add the testcase proposed by ajafff

[sheetalkamat]

Created #27200 for the transitive issue which wont be part of this PR.