refactor: convert popover to typescript

[jacobo-dominguez-wgu]

Description

Part of #3739 Popover component

Convert StatefulButton from .jsx to .tsx
Remove propTypes and defaultProps (React 19 ready)
Move defaults to function parameter defaults
Convert test file to TypeScript
Update src/index.ts to move StatefulButton to typed exports

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 62.96296% with 10 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 94.26%. Comparing base (dfc69e2) to head (5979bd8).
⚠️ Report is 7 commits behind head on release-23.x.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/Popover/index.tsx	61.53%	10 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release-23.x    #4143      +/-   ##
================================================
- Coverage         94.39%   94.26%   -0.13%     
================================================
  Files               242      242              
  Lines              4296     4306      +10     
  Branches           1020      986      -34     
================================================
+ Hits               4055     4059       +4     
- Misses              237      243       +6     
  Partials              4        4              

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