GH-148047: Check early whether tail-calling is possible for MSVC builds on Windows

[chris-eibl]

Rather than failing late when compiling e.g. a debug configuration

build.bat -c debug --tail-call-interp

with hundreds of

error C4737: Unable to perform required tail call. Performance may be degraded.

lets fail early with an explicit error message for configurations that are not supported by MSVC.

This is a follow-up on #140513 / #140548.

• Issue: Check early whether tail-calling is possible for MSVC builds on Windows #148047

[chris-eibl]

TSan https://github.com/python/cpython/actions/runs/23948631142/job/69850491565?pr=148036 failure for sure unreleated: this is a pure Windows change and would result in a build error on onsupported (Windows) hosts when using --tail-call-interp. Note that there are no such hosts in CI nor in buildbots, and if there were, they would have already failed (but with tons of Unable to perform required tail call messages).

I've checked manually that I get all the expected errors for unsupported configurations.

[Fidget-Spinner]

Please open a separate issue for this, rather than reusing the same closed issue. Thanks!

[itamaro]

Overall looks good, thank you for this!

[bedevere-app]

A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.