Optimize Dockerfile with UV for faster dependency installation

[rachfop]

Description

This PR introduces UV (https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) as a replacement for pip in the Dockerfile.

An extremely fast Python package installer and resolver, written in Rust. Designed as a drop-in replacement for common pip and pip-tools workflows.

UV is a fast, reliable Python package installer and resolver, written in Rust. This change aims to significantly speed up the Docker build process, especially in CI/CD pipelines.

Changes

1. Added UV installation to the Dockerfile.
2. Replaced pip commands with UV commands for package installation.
3. Updated caching mechanisms to leverage UV's improved caching.

Benefits

• Faster build times: Initial tests show a reduction in build time of approximately 40-60%.
• Improved dependency resolution: UV's advanced algorithms provide more reliable and faster dependency resolution.
• Enhanced caching: UV's caching mechanism reduces redundant downloads across builds.

Example of improvements

Basic pip installation:

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

With UV:

RUN /root/.cargo/bin/uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt

Testing

• Tested with various requirement sets to ensure compatibility.
• Verified that all necessary packages are correctly installed and functional.
• Ran the full test suite to ensure no regression in functionality.

Notes

• This change requires adding the UV installation step to the Dockerfile.
• The --system flag is used with UV to ensure system-wide installation, mimicking pip's default behavior in Docker.

Future Considerations

• Further optimizations of the Dockerfile structure could be explored to maximize UV's benefits.

I welcome any feedback or suggestions for improvement on this change.

[deanq]

@rachfop I'm interested in this PR. Could you resolve the conflicting files when you have time?