Optimize Cartridge::Mbc1

[byroot]

Closes: #23

Having to call a proc for every memory access isn't ideal, that quite a bit of overhead.

If instead we use a case statement with only immediate values and a few bitwise operations we can let YJIT generate very efficient code.

two runs on main with ruby 3.4.1 / YJIT:

Ruby: 3.4.1
YJIT: true
1: 4.051815 sec
2: 3.989457 sec
3: 3.963555 sec
FPS: 374.849216902501

Ruby: 3.4.1
YJIT: true
1: 3.872855 sec
2: 3.943231 sec
3: 4.024268 sec
FPS: 380.05620440064547

On this branch:

Ruby: 3.4.1
YJIT: true
1: 3.625805 sec
2: 3.615032 sec
3: 3.572852 sec
FPS: 416.1392102177157

Ruby: 3.4.1
YJIT: true
1: 3.543953 sec
2: 3.520738 sec
3: 3.506004 sec
FPS: 425.70521616601366