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feat: Android emulator support#148

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feat: Android emulator support#148
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feat/android-emulator-support

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@latekvo latekvo commented Apr 17, 2026

TBD - this project is still in the really early stages of development

Just works thanks to either sim server or metro:

  • gesture-*
  • button, keyboard
  • screenshot
  • run-sequence, flow-* - just programatic

Adjusted to work on android too:

tool android ios
describe uiautomator dumpDescribeNode AXServiceApi
launch-app cmd package resolve-activity + am start -W simctl launch
restart-app am force-stop + am start -W simctl terminate + simctl launch
reinstall-app adb install -r (+-g/-d) simctl uninstall + simctl install
open-url am start -a VIEW -d <url> simctl openurl
list-devices adb devices + emulator -list-avds xcrun simctl list --json

Android-only tools:

  • android-logcat, android-stop-app

Doesn't work on android (yet):

  • !!! boot-device "works" but it's cold booting every time: emulator -avd + 5-stage wait (adb-register → wait-for-device → sys.boot_completedpm path android)
  • rotate "works" thanks to sim server but has some issues (i need to dig into this more)
  • native-devtools-* (7 total)
  • ios-profiler-* (3 total)
  • paste

I have to double check:

  • debugger-*
  • react-profiler-*
  • profiler-*

latekvo added 20 commits April 17, 2026 12:43
…-server dispatch

Android is driven by the existing `simulator-server` binary through its
`android --id <serial>` subcommand, which exposes the same HTTP/WebSocket/
stdin protocol as iOS. The blueprint now selects the subcommand based on the
shape of the udid, so every gesture tool (gesture-tap/swipe/pinch/rotate/
custom, button, keyboard, rotate, screenshot, run-sequence) works on both
platforms without callers branching.

Things that can't route through simulator-server use platform-specific paths:

- describe — uiautomator dump on Android, AXRuntime + native-devtools on iOS
- launch-app, restart-app — `am start`/`monkey` on Android, simctl + native
  devtools on iOS
- open-url — `am start VIEW` with shell-escaped URL on Android, simctl openurl
  on iOS
- reinstall-app — `adb install -r` on Android (with optional -g/-d), simctl
  uninstall+install on iOS

Adds 4 android-only tools (android-list-emulators, android-boot-emulator,
android-stop-app, android-logcat) and workspace introspection for
`android_application_id` and `android_has_gradle`.

iOS behavior is preserved: platform dispatch gates every Android branch, and
the simulator-server blueprint only calls `ensureAutomationEnabled` for iOS
udids. Tests pin each preserved path (launch/restart/reinstall/open-url on
iOS) against mock execFile so a future regression surfaces in CI.

Covered by 40+ new repro tests including a blueprint-level test that asserts
subcommand dispatch, stdio pipe behavior (the server treats stdin EOF as
shutdown), AX-automation warmup, and press-key protocol invariants.
- MCP instructions now describe the unified tool surface (iOS + Android
  dispatch on udid shape) and list platform-specific extras.
- Package descriptions updated for both platforms.
- README prerequisites split by platform (Xcode for iOS, Android SDK platform
  tools + emulator package for Android).
- Adds unified-surface assertions to auto-screenshot test so any regression
  in the allow-list shows up immediately.
- Adds `argent-android-emulator-setup` and `argent-android-emulator-interact`
  SKILLs mirroring their iOS counterparts. The interact skill documents the
  unified tool surface and Android-specific gotchas (Metro reachability via
  `adb reverse`, first-launch permission prompts, locked screen / DRM).
- `argent.md` rule gains a `<platform_dispatch>` section explaining how the
  udid shape selects iOS vs Android internally, plus updated skill routing
  that points to the right platform-specific skill.
- `argent-simulator-interact`, `argent-test-ui-flow`,
  `argent-react-native-app-workflow`, and `argent-metro-debugger` now cover
  both platforms (RN Metro reachability, gradle, logcat).
- `argent-environment-inspector` reports Android applicationId and gradle
  wrapper presence so downstream workflow skills can drive `./gradlew` builds
  without extra inspection.
…vice

`list-simulators` and `android-list-emulators` collapse into a single
`list-devices` that returns iOS simulators and Android devices/emulators
in one tagged array (each entry carries a `platform` discriminator), plus
the available Android AVDs. Callers no longer have to know which platform
to query first.

`boot-simulator` and `android-boot-emulator` collapse into a single
`boot-device`. Pass `udid` to boot an iOS simulator or `avdName` to
launch an Android emulator — the tool picks the platform from which
argument is provided and returns a tagged payload. The Android boot stages
(AVD validate → spawn → adb register → wait-for-device → boot_completed
→ PackageManager sanity) are unchanged, including cold-boot default and
cleanup-on-failure.

Existing unified-surface tools (gesture-tap, describe, launch-app, etc.)
continue to dispatch on the udid shape — no changes there.
…rface

Tool descriptions should tell the caller what the tool does, when to use
it, and what it returns — not which binary or protocol drives it. Strips
references to `simulator-server`, `xcrun`, `adb`, `uiautomator`,
`AXRuntime`, and `USB HID` from descriptions that the agent reads when
picking a tool. The behavior itself is unchanged; implementation details
stay in the code (where they belong) and in the skill docs where they
actually inform workflow.

Also updates `udid` parameter descriptions to point at `list-devices` as
the canonical source, rather than restating the platform-shape heuristic
in every tool.
…il leaks

Skill files now direct the agent to `list-devices` + `boot-device` (one
flow for both platforms) instead of the removed platform-specific `list-
simulators` / `boot-simulator` / `android-list-emulators` / `android-boot-
emulator` pairs. Also trims protocol-layer explanations from skill
surfaces where they don't change the caller's behavior.
Platform detection now looks up the udid in the actual inventories from
`xcrun simctl list` and `adb devices`. If the id lives in simctl's list
it is iOS; if it lives in adb's list it is Android. The shape heuristic
survives only as a last-resort fallback when both tools are unavailable
(no Xcode AND no adb installed). This drops the 8-16 hex short form from
the iOS shape pattern — that form is physical-device-only and routing it
to simctl used to produce an opaque "Invalid device" error (review #8).

The classifier is async. `list-devices` warms a per-udid cache so every
subsequent tool call is O(1); the cache TTL is 30 s so short-lived
changes on the host still propagate.

Call sites that were in async context switch straight to `classifyDevice`.
`launch-app` and `restart-app` move from the tool-object form to a factory
(`createLaunchAppTool(registry)`) so the NativeDevtools service resolution
can defer into `execute` and share the async classify call. The earlier
iOS behavior — ensureEnvReady before `xcrun simctl launch`, refresh before
relaunch — is unchanged and pinned by tests.
…ll surface

Review findings #1 and #7. Every Android branch interpolates user-supplied
`bundleId` (and sometimes `activity` / `tag`) directly into an
`adb -s <serial> shell "<template>"` string that the on-device shell
re-parses — so a bundleId containing `;`, backtick, `$(…)`, or `&&`
gives the caller arbitrary on-device shell execution. Empty udid passed the
old schema and flowed into `adb -s "" shell …`, which silently targets
whichever device adb picks by default.

- `bundleId` is constrained to `[A-Za-z0-9._-]+` (union of Android package
  grammar and the iOS bundle-id dash extension) via zod `.regex`.
- `activity` on launch-app adds `/` to the safe alphabet for `pkg/.Activity`.
- `tag` on android-logcat is constrained to the same safe alphabet so it
  cannot smuggle shell metachars into the logcat filter spec.
- `udid` has `.min(1)` across every cross-platform schema.
- The four Android-shell-interpolating tools (launch-app, restart-app,
  android-stop-app, android-logcat) also call `zodSchema.parse(params)`
  inside `execute` as defense-in-depth, because internal callers like
  `flow-run` / `flow-add-step` hit `registry.invokeTool` without
  running per-tool zod validation.

47 injection / empty-udid repros in the new hardening test file pin every
combination: semicolons, backticks, command substitution, logical AND,
pipe, newline, quote break-out.
Review findings #5, #6, #10.

- Numeric character references (`&#N;` decimal, `&#xH;` hex) are now
  decoded alongside the five named entities. Out-of-range codepoints
  (past 0x10FFFF or in the surrogate pair range) are replaced with empty
  instead of throwing, so one bad glyph does not sink the whole describe.
- Node conversion is iterative with an explicit work stack. Deeply nested
  hierarchies (15k-deep RecyclerView + overlays in the review) used to
  throw `Maximum call stack size exceeded`; now they parse cleanly.
- `describe` on Android writes its dump to a per-call path under
  /data/local/tmp with a random suffix, and removes the file afterwards.
  The old fixed path (/sdcard/window_dump.xml) raced on concurrent
  describes of the same serial — one call's `cat` could read the other
  call's partial write. /data/local/tmp is world-writable on every
  supported Android version so the new path works where /sdcard does not
  under scoped storage.
#2 — `adb start-server` now runs BEFORE the `serialsBefore` snapshot. If
the daemon was down pre-call, the old order snapshotted an empty list, then
once adb came up every already-connected emulator looked "new" and the tool
could hand back an unrelated emulator as "booted".

#3 — `readAvdName` now probes `ro.boot.qemu.avd_name` (emulator release 30
/ Android 11+) first, falling back to the legacy `ro.kernel.qemu.avd_name`.
On modern images the legacy key is empty, so AVD-name disambiguation
silently failed when two emulators booted concurrently. The helper prefers
the new key when both are present.

#4 — `waitForBootCompleted` accepts a `shouldAbort` callback and the
wait-for-device stage races against an `earlyExitError` poller. An
emulator crash between stages 2 and 4 now surfaces as its specific exit-
code error within ~1 s instead of blocking for the 180 s / 300 s budgets
and throwing a generic timeout.

#9 — `listAvds` filter replaced prefix-based `!startsWith(INFO|HAX)` with
`/^[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$/`. AVD names created by avdmanager are identifier-only,
so legitimate names like `HAX-Pixel-6` or `INFO_BuildBot_Pixel7` are no
longer silently dropped.

#11 — `bootAndroid` pre-flights `adb version` before spawning the
detached emulator. Without this, adb-missing failures orphaned the
emulator child process that the user then had to kill manually.

Adds a light-weight `listAndroidSerials` helper used by the classifier so
a cold-classify is one `adb devices` call instead of 1 + 3N getprop round-
trips through the enriched `listAndroidDevices`.
The description-quality CI runs SpiderShield against the tool-server's
extracted descriptions. Four new tools on this branch — list-devices,
boot-device, android-logcat, android-stop-app — plus the new
argent-android-emulator-interact skill were scoring below the 9.0
threshold.

Two concrete causes:

 1. Tool descriptions were written as concatenated string literals
    ("a" + "b" + ...). `scripts/extract-tools.mjs` only captures the
    first string segment, so only the opening sentence reached the
    scorer. Switched each to a single template literal so the whole
    description is graded.

 2. The extract regex uses a non-greedy `([\s\S]*?)` against template
    literals and does not understand escaped backticks (\`foo\`).
    It therefore stops at the first `\`` inside a description and
    drops the rest of the text. Removed the backtick-quoted code
    spans from these four descriptions — single quotes read as well
    and survive extraction intact.

With (1) and (2) fixed I made the remaining text carry the scoring
signals SpiderShield looks for: an imperative verb lead, a `Use when`
scenario trigger, an explicit `Returns { ... }`, and a `Fails when`
failure mode. All four tools now score 10/10 and the corpus average
clears the gate.

Skill fix is narrower: `argent-android-emulator-interact` used
`Use alongside` which doesn't match the grader's `Use when` regex.
Reworded the trigger.

Nothing functional changed. Local spidershield run: 9.11 / 10 (prev
8.73); grade-skills: 10.0 / 10.
Documents and pins concrete issues found while auditing this branch:
- AUDIT #1: list-devices description claims it fails when neither Xcode
  nor adb is on PATH, but every sub-call is try/catch-swallowed so it
  silently resolves to {devices:[],avds:[]}.
- AUDIT #2: iOS and Android entries share only platform+state — there
  is no common id/name field, so generic MCP clients cannot read an
  id without narrowing on platform first.
- AUDIT #6a: android-logcat priority param description says Default: I,
  but the code pushes no priority filter when omitted (effective V).

Two tests fail on this branch; the rest document current behaviour.
Three independent bugs in the Android-path code that reviewers repro'd:

1. uiautomator entity decoder double-decoded. The decoder ran numeric
   references as one replace pass, then each of the five named entities
   as its own pass. An ampersand decoded in the first pass fed straight
   into the second: `&amp;lt;` (correct XML encoding of the literal
   string `&lt;`) collapsed to `<`, violating XML 1.0 §4.6. Replaced
   with a single regex alternation so every match is consumed once.

2. `launch-app` Android path used two different launch mechanisms — a
   blocking `am start -W` when the caller passed an `activity`, and a
   fire-and-forget `monkey … LAUNCHER 1` when they didn't. The monkey
   path returned as soon as the intent was injected, leaving a window
   where describe/tap raced a still-forking process. Unified on
   `am start -W` by resolving the default activity up-front via
   `cmd package resolve-activity --brief`. Also replaced the brittle
   `/Error|Exception/ && !/Status: ok/` matcher with a positive match
   on `Status: ok` — the old regex false-succeeded on `Status: null`
   (activity threw in onCreate) and would have false-failed if Android
   ever dropped the `Status:` banner from a release that keeps benign
   strings like `Activity: com.example.ErrorReportingActivity` in the
   output.

3. `describe` Android path shell-chained cleanup with `&&`, so a
   failing `uiautomator dump` (keyguard, MFA flap, secure overlay)
   short-circuited before `rm -f` ever ran and leaked a file per
   attempt under /data/local/tmp. One-char fix: trailing `; rm -f`
   instead of `&& rm -f`.

Regression tests added for all three: `&amp;lt;` / `&#38;lt;` /
`&#x26;amp;` stay literal, `am start` success/failure permutations,
and a shell-string assertion pinning the `;` before `rm -f`.
Two follow-ups to feat/android-emulator-support review:

1. Orphan emulator on stage-2 timeout (review R1#1). The emulator is
   spawned with `{detached: true, stdio: "ignore"}` + `child.unref()`.
   If it starts but never registers with adb within the 60s budget,
   `serial` stays null and `killEmulatorQuietly(null)` is a no-op —
   the emulator process keeps running and the user has to find the
   PID and kill it by hand. The tool's description already promises
   the opposite ("the spawned emulator is terminated so the next
   retry starts clean").

   Fix: retain the ChildProcess and, in all error exits before a
   serial resolves, call `killDetachedEmulator(child)` which sends
   SIGTERM and schedules a SIGKILL 2s later if the child ignores
   the first signal (unref'd so the timer doesn't hold the
   event loop open).

2. Boot success did not warm the classify cache. The next tool call
   after a successful boot — typically `launch-app` or `describe` —
   re-ran `xcrun simctl list` + `adb devices` to classify the same
   id we just booted. Added `warmDeviceCache([{udid, platform}])`
   to both the iOS and Android success paths, matching what
   `list-devices` already does.

Regression test pins the SIGTERM signal on the detached child and
asserts `did not register within ...` is the surfaced error.
Four descriptions claimed behavior the code did not implement. SpiderShield
rewarded the scenario/return/error keywords these sentences added (see the
earlier `docs: tighten …` commit) but the substance drifted from reality.
Fix each so the description matches what the code does:

  * list-devices — said "Fails when neither Xcode nor adb is on PATH".
    It doesn't: every sub-call is try/catch-swallowed and the tool
    returns `{devices:[], avds:[]}`. Rewrote to describe the actual
    contract: an empty result typically means no tooling is available.

  * android-logcat — said priority "Default: I." There's no default in
    the code; omitting the priority leaves logcat at its own default
    (verbose). Rewrote the schema describe to say so.

  * android-stop-app — said "Fails when the udid is not an Android
    serial". Unreachable: classifyDevice falls back to "android" for
    any non-UUID string, so the actual failure for a bogus id is
    adb's own "device not found", not our "not a serial" branch.
    Rewrote to describe "udid not registered with adb" which is the
    real failure signature.

  * mcp-server instructions — claimed the unified tools "auto-dispatch
    by the id's shape (UUID → iOS, anything else → Android adb serial)".
    Stopped being true when classifyDevice became list-based. Rewrote
    to match: "cross-references it against `xcrun simctl list` and
    `adb devices`" — pass the id `list-devices` returned and the tools
    resolve the platform.

Also fixes argent.md's stale reference to a nonexistent `android-describe-screen`
tool (review R1#3) — the unified `describe` already dispatches to Android
uiautomator internally.
feat/android-emulator-support removes two public MCP tool names and
replaces them with new ones:

  boot-simulator  →  boot-device
  list-simulators →  list-devices

Any consumer pinned to 0.5.x and auto-updating to the tip of 0.5.x
would silently lose those tool ids. 0.6.0 is the smallest pre-1.0
semver bump that signals "call surface changed, re-check your tool
references" (MINOR for additive/breaking changes in 0.x.y per
semver §4). native-devtools-ios is unchanged and stays at 0.5.1.
This file was committed by an earlier review-scaffolding run (dcb825d)
with tests designed to FAIL while the bugs they pinned still existed.
The previous three commits in this PR fixed the description-drift
issues (AUDIT #1, #6a, #6b, #6c) and the tests therefore started
failing the opposite way — now asserting the ABSENCE of the old
buggy strings.

Updates in this commit:

  - AUDIT #1: assertion flipped from "description promises a throw"
    to "description no longer promises a throw and now explicitly
    says it does not throw".
  - AUDIT #2: DESIGN-push-back, marked `describe.skip`. iOS entries
    exposing `udid` and Android entries exposing `serial` is the
    deliberate discriminated-union shape — the underlying tooling
    names them that way, and the mcp-server instructions explicitly
    tell agents to pass the id from list-devices.
  - AUDIT #6a: assertion flipped to expect "logcat's own default (V)"
    in the priority description.
  - AUDIT #6b: assertion flipped to expect "cross-referencing it
    against" (the list-based dispatch phrasing) in mcp-server.ts.
  - AUDIT #6c: assertion flipped to expect "not registered with adb"
    in place of the unreachable "not an Android serial" branch.

AUDIT #3, #5, #7, #8 are unchanged — each still passes on the current
code as before.
Both `native-devtools` and `ios-profiler-session` blueprints reached
deep into simctl / launchctl / xctrace before noticing they'd been
handed a target the underlying tooling can't drive. On iOS-only setups
that was fine — every udid classified as iOS. With Android serials now
appearing in list-devices, an agent that feeds `emulator-5554` to
`native-describe-screen` used to surface as an opaque socket/launchctl
failure; similarly an ios-profiler call against an Android serial
produced an xctrace error from further down the stack.

Gate both blueprint factories with a one-line classifyDevice check and
throw a specific "iOS-only" error that points the caller at
list-devices. Covers ~10 tools at the blueprint boundary instead of
adding per-tool asserts.

Regression test asserts: the gate rejects Android-classified udids
with the platform-specific error for each blueprint, and does NOT
false-positive when given an iOS-classified udid.
…romise.all

Two small follow-ups to the review:

1. Description leakage. Commit 05a6194 set out to remove binary-name
   references (xcrun / adb / emulator / am / pidof / etc.) from tool
   descriptions, on the rationale that an agent picking a tool
   shouldn't care which CLI drives it. The SpiderShield tightening
   pass (47b1503) reintroduced some of those names to satisfy the
   "Fails when..." keyword check. Rewording the relevant clauses to
   satisfy both goals:

     boot-device     "xcrun / emulator / adb is missing from PATH"
                  →  "the required platform developer tooling is missing"
     list-devices    "xcode-select, Android platform-tools"
                  →  "the platform SDK is not installed"
     android-stop-app "equivalent to am force-stop"
                  →  "force-stops the process and its background services"
                    + "udid is not registered with adb" → "udid is not in list-devices"
     android-logcat  "resolved via pidof"
                  →  "resolved to the app's PID"
                    + "not an Android serial" → "not in list-devices"

   Local SpiderShield: 9.11 / 10 (unchanged).

2. describe-android-race test now uses Promise.all instead of two
   sequential awaits. The test existed to guard against the shared-path
   regression, but sequential awaits hide it — the first call completes
   before the second starts, so even a constant-path impl would pass.
   `Promise.all` makes the regression actually reachable.

Also flipped the corresponding AUDIT #6c assertion in
android-emulator-support_audit.test.ts to match the new description
wording ("not in list-devices") after the rename above.
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