SignedVoting

A Web2.5 proof-of-concept voting system that enables wallet-less voting on Solana while maintaining privacy and cryptographic integrity.

🎯 Overview

This project demonstrates how people can participate in blockchain-based voting without requiring Web3 wallet onboarding. Users draw their signature to generate a unique keypair, which is then used to cast votes. The system maintains privacy while ensuring vote integrity through cryptographic signatures.

Key Innovation

• Wallet-less Voting: Voters don't need their own Solana wallet
• Signature-based Authentication: Users draw signatures to generate unique keypairs
• Privacy Preservation: Admins cannot see individual votes
• Tamper-proof Proposals: All proposals are cryptographically secured on-chain

🏗️ Architecture

Tech Stack

Frontend:

• Next.js 15.5.5 with React 19
• TypeScript
• Tailwind CSS
• Perfect Freehand (signature drawing)

Backend:

• Solana Program (Anchor framework)
• Prisma ORM with SQLite
• Next.js API routes

Blockchain:

• Solana (localnet/devnet/mainnet support)
• Anchor framework for program development
• Borsh serialization

System Components

1. Signature Generation: Users draw signatures using Perfect Freehand
2. Keypair Derivation: Signatures are converted to Solana keypairs
3. Vote Casting: Votes are signed and submitted to the blockchain
4. Privacy Layer: Only signature hashes are stored in the database
5. Proposal Management: On-chain proposal storage with off-chain metadata

🚀 Features

✅ Implemented

• Wallet-less Voting: No wallet required for voters
• Signature-based Authentication: Draw-to-vote mechanism
• Privacy Protection: Admins cannot see individual votes
• Proposal Creation: Create and manage voting proposals
• Vote Verification: Cryptographic proof of voting
• User Management: Registration and authentication system
• Responsive UI: Modern, mobile-friendly interface

🔄 In Development / Missing

• Proposal Duration/Expiry: Time-based proposal lifecycle
• Vote Reclaiming: Mechanism to reclaim unused vote accounts
• Separate Vote Counter: Dedicated account for vote tallying
• Advanced Security: Additional cryptographic protections
• Audit Trail: Enhanced logging and transparency features

🛠️ Setup & Installation

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18+
• Rust 1.70+
• Solana CLI tools
• Anchor framework

Installation

1. Clone the repository

   git clone <repository-url>
   cd signedvoting

2. Install dependencies

   # Install root dependencies
   npm install
   
   # Install app dependencies
   cd app
   npm install

3. Setup Solana environment

   # Configure Solana CLI
   solana config set --url localhost
   
   # Create keypair (if needed)
   solana-keygen new --outfile ~/.config/solana/id.json

4. Setup database

   cd app
   npx prisma generate
   npx prisma db push

5. Build and deploy the program

   # Build the Solana program
   anchor build
   
   # Deploy to localnet
   anchor deploy

6. Start the development server

   cd app
   npm run dev

📖 Usage

For Voters

1. Register: Create an account with username/password
2. Browse Proposals: View available voting proposals
3. Draw Signature: Use the signature pad to create your unique signature
4. Cast Vote: Select your choice and submit your signed vote
5. Download Proof: Save your signature as proof of voting

For Administrators

1. Create Proposals: Define voting options and descriptions
2. Manage Vote Accounts: Fund and maintain voting accounts
3. Monitor Results: View aggregated voting results
4. Verify Integrity: Ensure proposal and vote integrity

🔒 Security Considerations

Privacy Protection

• Individual votes are not visible to administrators
• Only signature hashes are stored in the database
• Vote choices are encrypted and stored on-chain

Cryptographic Integrity

• All proposals are hashed and stored on-chain
• Votes are cryptographically signed
• Signature-based keypair generation ensures uniqueness

Limitations

• This is a proof-of-concept implementation
• Not audited for production use
• Centralized database for user management
• Vote accounts managed by trusted parties

⚠️ Disclaimer

This is a proof-of-concept implementation created for educational and experimental purposes. The author is not a cryptography expert, and this implementation may contain security vulnerabilities. Do not use in production without proper security auditing and additional development.

Vibe coded in 2 days using Cursor.

🤝 Contributing

This project was developed as a proof-of-concept for a niche community. Contributions, improvements, and security reviews are welcome.

📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

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Built with ❤️ for the Solana community