Add typing support and switch to uv

[mrexodia]

I noticed that this official example does not support generating type stubs and (IDE) type checking correctly. I switched to uv, which makes building the extension transparent on uv run and configured things in a way to be much more ergonomic for local development.

After running uv sync and selecting the virtual environment in VSCode the type hints work out of the box:

Similarly you can now do cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON without nanobind installed globally on your system and clangd will function correctly:

You can also run type checking locally:

uvx ty check

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR modernizes the nanobind example project by adding comprehensive type checking support and migrating to uv as the development tool. The changes include generating type stubs for C++ extension modules, updating Python version requirements, and adding CI workflows to verify type checking functionality.

Key changes:

• Migrated from pip-based development to uv with automatic rebuild on source changes
• Added type stub generation using nanobind's nanobind_add_stub functionality
• Implemented type checking CI workflow with ty, pyright, and mypy verification

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 11 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
typecheck_smoke.py	New smoke test file with intentional type errors to verify type stubs are working
tests/test_basic.py	Minor formatting change (added blank line)
src/nanobind_example_ext.cpp	Refactored lambda to named function and added docstring for better type stub generation
src/nanobind_example/init.py	Changed to absolute imports for proper type checking support
pyproject.toml	Updated dependencies, added type checker configurations, and uv tool settings
README.md	Added comprehensive development documentation for uv, type checking, and project structure
CMakeLists.txt	Added type stub generation, improved build configuration, and nanobind fetching for development
.python-version	Added Python version file for uv
.github/workflows/pip.yml	Added type checking job with verification tests

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